Programa de Pós-graduação em Projeto e Cidade
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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Projeto e Cidade por Por Orientador "Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro"
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Item Agricultura urbana e sustentabilidade ambiental das cidades(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-05-31) Azerêdo, David Alves Finotti Camardelli de; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Kallas, Luana Miranda Esper; Silva, Caio Frederico e; Lima, Fabíolla Xavier Rocha FerreiraThe study of urban agriculture has occupied research agendas in recent times. It is justified both by food production and occupation generation, and by aiming at the elaboration of diversified models of urban intervention for the formation of resilient cities in a context of climate change. To reflect on this theme, we start with the following questions: How can urban agriculture contribute to the development of resilient cities? What can the AUP experience in 11 cities tell us about the context of urban planning? In terms of the environment, does urban agriculture contribute to reducing carbon emissions? Therefore, the general objective of this dissertation aimed to understand urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as an environmental resilience strategy in the context of urban planning. The analysis considered UPA practices in eleven cities on different continents, with details for the municipality of Goiânia, state of Goiás. Goiânia has been slowly outlining actions to implement the UPA based on popular and institutionalized practices. Aspects were considered in the analysis, such as: land use, socioenvironmental viability and public policy institutionalization strategies. In terms of the environment, the research explored methodologies for evaluating the reduction of carbon emissions that could be applied to the UPA. The methodology was based on a bibliographic review, documentary research and an exploratory study on the reduction of carbon emissions for the reality of Goiânia. Environmental sustainability was understood as the support capacity, resilience and resistance of ecosystems. The results indicate that, among the 11 cases studied, the multifunctional role of the AUP and its environmental role in cities stand out. Regarding the contribution of urban agriculture in building urban resilience, its partial contribution is verified as a potential action in reducing CO2 emissions due to the shortening of distances during the transport of these foodstuffs. But this measure depends on government regulations and incentives to occur.Item Dispositivos de vida pública: revisitando teorias e procedimentos de avaliação dos espaços públicos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-13) Bandeira, Ângelica Carvalho; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Medeiros, Valério Augusto Soares de; Caixeta, Eline Maria Moura Pereira; Kuramoto, Miraci; Britto, Pedro DultraThis dissertation has as objective define the variables for the evaluation of public life in Brazilian public spaces that can be applied with citizen participation in the future, resulting in guidelines for action. In this way, we intend to fill the existing gap in the design practice of the field of Architecture and Urbanism, which does not incorporate the citizen in the whole process and which proposes a fragmented analysis of public life. From a bibliographical research, the first part of the study is dedicated to the conceptual body that guided the development of the research, the second contains the sample of the procedures of analysis of public spaces traveled by the analogy of the itinerary, that is, showing how to evaluate and one minimum series of paths, or dimensions, by which the evaluation of public life can be carried out. From this theoretical-methodological referential arised the Public Life Devices that allow the evaluation of public spaces with citizen participation from phases and categories that, in turn, gathering criteria and registration techniques. Against the study can be concluded first that the theories on public life and public space are, , as a rule, contrasting with the Brazilian reality, but this could be changed through citizen participation. In a second moment, it is verified that every project implies in unforeseeable deviations, so, the specialists can’t order and control the experience in a space. But on the other hand this does not constitute negatively and yes portrays the public life itself. It is also considered that the public life notion is not just constituted in using the public space besides the circulation, but in claim the character political, social, affectionate and cognitive in the relationship people/citizen/subject-lived space/ existence. Finally, it is understood that citizen participation is necessary to attend to the aspirations of the population, especially those of the most excluded, besides implying in the full exercise of democracy.Item Avaliação das ações de acessibilidade propostas no Plano Diretor de Goiânia (Lei Nº 171/2007)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-30) Dias, Wesley Afonso da Silva; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Traldi, Patrícia Layne Alves; Kallas, Luana Miranda EsperThe actions towards urban mobility involve many factors, as the elaboration of a plan for urban mobility, which results in tools to be applied to improve the population’s quality of life in any city, aiming to prioritize public transport over individual, non-motorized vehicles over motorized ones, besides the improvement on displacement and road infrastructure. For that reason, evaluating these plans constitute an important stage, once it allows us to understand if the actions meet the goals proposed by the policies, if the financial resources are being well destined and applied and in what measure the non-effectiveness of the plan can generate problems to the city. Costa (2008) and Frey (2000) state that it is necessary to create evaluations for this took, as they aiming to guarantee the good development of the plan and to verify if it is necessary to adapt the program which is being developed, so that can may be taken actions. About the systems of urban mobility, different studies as Vasconcellos’s (2013) and Maricato’s (2011) point to the existence of crisis in most Brazilian cities, making the instruments for evaluation and monitoring even more relevant. Considering these elements, the goal of this study is to evaluate the actions towards urban mobility included in the Master Plan for Goiânia (Law number 171/2007) and the legislations which derive from it, paying special attention to the urban accessibility. To do so, we carried three kinds of research methodologies: bibliographical and documental, as well as the application of an evaluative method for public policies through the use of indicators by the confrontation of data between what was executed and the budget destined to these actions. The Indicators of Mobility have been usually applied on this kind of evaluation, because the measurement of their variables is easy to deal with, allowing agility on the decision making processes. The results indicate that there are no processes for monitoring and evaluating accessibility actions relative to the urban mobility system. Although it is possibly to verify that the budget destined to mobility has increased, the way the public and budgetary policies are applied between 2007 and 2017 do not allow us to analyze directly the correlation between physical and budgetary variables.Item Segregação socioespacial revelada pelas ciclovias em Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-01) Lins, Poliana Batista Rodrigues; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Kneib, Erika Cristine; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro AntunesAlthough the bicycle has a restricted radius of comfortable circulation for the user, the benefits of this means of transportation outweigh its negative conditions. In addition to helping to reduce the environmental impacts generated by motorized transport, which requires fossil fuel, the bicycle is considered a form of economic mobility. Analyzing the cycling system in the urban area of Goiânia implies understanding these conditions through the way it is available in the city. This condition, in turn, can reveal the existence of an unexpected socio-spatial segregation. The fragmentation of cycle paths in the territory of the capital of Goiás shows almost a complete lack of connection between the cycle system and the main public transport terminals. In addition, it is observed that the inexistence of the bicycle system in peripheral regions of the municipality implies a selective service of the system in favor of a certain social class. In this way, the system does not respond equally to the basic needs of different types of users, safeguarding the existence of some bicycle racks in a few poles of travel generators, dispersed in the municipality. In addition, in many cases, the cyclist is at the mercy of an insecure, incomplete and restricted travel. Such a situation not only reduces the choice of people to the reasons for different displacements, but also limits the right to urban mobility in its entirety, by the user of this type of transport mode. Considering these aspects, the research starts from the following question: does the location of bike paths in Goiânia reveal a condition of socio-spatial segregation when analyzing its insertion in the urban network? Urban socio-spatial segregation is understood by the arrangement of objects in space according to the use and interest of certain social classes. Urban objects can be understood as undertakings, neighborhoods, infrastructure or others that are governed by political, administrative, social, economic and environmental decisions. The convergence or not of these aspects may limit (or not) the lower income classes to the full right for the city or the full exercise of their citizenship. In this sense, this research has the general objective of understanding whether the location of bike paths in Goiânia reveals or not a process of socio-spatial segregation. The study starts from a critical analysis of the urban space, taking it as a complex and contradictory element, in which the displacements through the cycle system also reflect these contradictions. Although it is recognized that it is not possible to study Goiânia dissociated from its metropolitan region, the present research is limited to the rays of direct and indirect influence of the existing cycle paths in the city in 2019. The methodology is based on the definition of this ray and on the socioeconomic characterization of the user it covers. These data resulted in the construction of thematic maps that were analyzed using spatial models. In the absence of a study of the profile of users, whose field survey was affected by the pandemic, studies that were already prepared were considered. The results indicate that the bicycle infrastructure is located in areas with urban infrastructure and with a dispersed design in the urban network, benefiting a certain population profile, in contrast, neighborhoods with a lower income population are not served by this infrastructure.Item A influência da arborização urbana no conforto térmico de pedestres e ciclistas no microclima urbano: caso da av. Universitária de Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-12-16) Roriz, Júlia Wilson de Sá; Abreu-Harbich, Loyde Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9845221974550386; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Abreu-Harbich, Loyde Vieira de; Labaki, Lucila Chebel; Kallas, Luana Miranda EsperThe expansion of cities promotes changes in the urban climate, due to the replacement of natural vegetation cover by buildings and street pavements. Vegetation shading for pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles is able to reduce the incidence of radiation on urban soil, minimize air temperature, increase soil and air humidity, promoting greater thermal comfort and well-being for people. In addition to the beautification of the streets, urban afforestation softens the difference between architectural components and green areas. Considering these elements, this study aims to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the improvement of thermal comfort provided by different plant specimens on the cycle path of Av. Universitária in Goiânia - GO. For this, two sections of this urban bike path were considered: one with palm trees and the other with trees. The methodology consisted of: (a) selection of measurement sites; (b) field data collection; (c) interviews with bicycle lane passers-by; (d) analysis of results. Two sections of the Av. Universitária bike path were selected: one with Monguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl.) and Sibipiruna (Cenostigma pluviosum (DC) E. Gagmon & GP Lewis) trees and another with Guariroba (Syagrus oleracea (mart.) Becc) palm trees. The research was based on the collection of meteorological data - air and globe temperature, relative humidity and wind speed - were collected during six days under the shade of plant specimens and in the sun and in the interview with users of the bike path. About this, 148 users were interviewed about the sensation of thermal comfort. The data allowed the calculation of thermal comfort by the PET index (Physiologically Equivalent Temperature) and by the UTCI (Universal Thermal Comfort Index) and the analysis of the influence of obstacles in the immediate surroundings were calculated by the RayMan Pro software. The most comfortable stretch had the presence of the Sibipiruna species that reduced the air temperature by up to 6.8oC, with an average radiant temperature at 3.7ºC, PET at 11ºC and UTCI at 10ºC. About 34% of the people interviewed claimed to be in thermal comfort under the shade of trees and 14.4% under the shade of palm trees. Despite the grouping of Guarirobas providing thermal comfort to the user of cycle paths, the benefits provided by a grouping of trees such as the Sibipiruna species (C. pluviosum) were greater. It was concluded, therefore, that the morphological characteristics among the plant specimens generate different shading areas, distinctly influencing the microclimate.