Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)
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Navegando Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA) por Por Orientador "Brondani, Claudio"
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Item Expressão de genes ortólogos relacionados à tolerância à seca em arroz(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-04) Abreu, Fernanda Raquel Martins; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Pereira, Maristela; Vianello, Rosana PereiraDrought, a major problem concerning a sustainable rice production in Brazil and worldwide, is responsible for a series of plant responses, including modification in gene expression, accumulation of metabolites and protein synthesis. In order to verify the correspondence between five Arabidopsis genes (PLDα1, LEW2, GluR2, Lsi1 e EIN2), previously related to drought tolerance, and their respective orthologs in rice, the present study analyzed two contrasting rice genotypes for drought, Douradão, the tolerant genotype, and Primavera, the susceptible one. The genotypes were submitted to drought stress and subsequently evaluated for gene expression by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The comparison of gene expression, between leaf and root tissues, showed a greater expression in roots, within their vegetative stage, and leaves, within their reproductive stage. Differential expression were observed mainly among the genes whose orthologs in Arabidopsis encode phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) and ethylene-insensitive protein (EIN2); these proteins are directly related to abscisic acid (ABA), a phytohormone that when identified in higher concentration in cells triggers the expression of drought stress-responsive genes, besides it is also responsible for the regulating the water loss (by transpiration) by controlling of stomatal movement. The results suggested that orthologs genes were in fact drought stress-responsive genes in rice, and emphasized the feasibility of PLDα1 and EIN2 overexpression in rice plants, supporting plant breeding programs in the development of drought tolerant genotypes.Item Mapeamento de QTL para componentes de produção em arroz sob duas condições de irrigação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-30) Benício, Cristyene Gonçalves; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Borba, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesRice (Oryza sativa L.) has great social and economic importance worldwide. Produce food for a growing world population, promoting increased productivity in environmentally appropriate conditions, it one of the great challenges of breeding programs. Rice production based on seasonal rainfall, typical of upland rice (rainfed), today represents about 40% of Brazilian production. The agricultural irrigation consumes much of the planet's fresh water, and restricting the use of water resources is a reality. With the rising cost of water for agriculture and potential shortages in some regions of the planet, the development of plants more efficient in the water use is a priority demand of breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the polymorphism of a set of microsatellite markers (SSRs) and SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) and use them for mapping QTL for yield components under two irrigation conditions. The parentals Douradão (drought tolerant) and Primavera (susceptible to drought) resulted in a segregating population consisting of 221 F2:5, which were genotyped with fluorescent SSR markers in analyzer ABI3100 (Applied Biosystems) and SNP markers developed for the GoldenGate platform based on Veracode technology (Illumina). Among the 86 SSRs, 11 (12.8%) did not amplify and 41 (54.7%) were polymorphic. Among the 1920 SNPs, 316 (16.45%) did not amplify for both parentals and 46 (2.87%) were polymorphic. The parentals and their progeny were evaluated in two trials (with and without water deficit) in 12x19 rectangular lattice design with two replications. The composite interval mapping analysis identified 53 QTL, 10 of which related to ISS (index of susceptibility to drought) and five to productivity in water stress condition. Among the identified QTL it were found putative genes related to plant abiotic stress defense mechanisms. Families CNAx15128-70-B, CNAx15128-118-B, CNAx15128-74-B and CNAx15128-120-B showed higher yield under drought and lower ISS. These families may be evaluated by rice breeding programs aiming the development of superior cultivars.Item Caracterização genética por modelos mistos de uma população de linhas puras recombinantes de arroz irrigado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-05-30) Garcia, Ana Letcycia Basso; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Souza, Thiago Livio Pessoa Oliveira de; Castro, Adriano Pereira; Brondani, ClaudioImproving rice yield has been a big challenge for rice breeding programs around the world. One alternative to identify inbred lines with high yield potential, and discover genes related to yield and its components is to explore the genic pool of the population originated from crosses between cultivars not regularly used, as those introduced from another country. The objective of this study was characterizing a recombinant inbred lines population from the cross between Maninjau and Epagri 108. There were evaluated 296 RILs in experiments conducted in Goianira (GO), Boa Vista (RR) and Pelotas (RS), in 2016. In the experiments in GO and RR, the alpha lattice design (17x18) with two replications were used, and in Pelotas was applied the BAF design. Data were collected for yield (PD) and plant height (AP) in the three places, days to flowering (DF), in RR and GO, 100-grain weight (PG), in RS and GO and leaf blast resistance (BS), in GO. The data were analyzed by a mixed model with the deviance analysis. Variance components were estimated by REML/BLUP and the genetic parameters and correlation coefficients were calculated. The statistics parameters as CV e , CV g , CV r and selective accuracy were also estimated. The G x E interaction analysis was processed by the MHPRVG method. Also, the genetic distances between the progenies that had highest breeding values in each place and their relatives (Maninjau and Epagri 108), was estimated, using a 24 SSR markers panel. For Boa Vista and Goianira, most of the highest yield RILs were like the parental Epagri 108. Most of the random effects of the statistic model used in this study were significant. The RILs population showed genetic variability inside (σ g2 significant). The experimental precision in RR and GO was from good to excellent with accuracy over 90% and in RS it was moderate (~50%), probably because of the environmental effect action. Yield showed moderate heritability (0,67) and the characters DF, AP and PG showed high heritability (>0,90). Positive significant correlation was observed between the characters PD and PG, and DF and AP, however the last one showed negative correlation with yield. Nine RILs had the best performance by the MHPRVG, and it was above 30% of the general mean. They are recommended for the breeding program use. The RIL 105 were ranked as the best for stability, adaptability and yield, simultaneously. These results suggest that there is a significant genetic variation between the RILs evaluated. Therefore, this population might be used either in selection of high yield performance genotypes or for QTL mapping foragronomic traits in many environments.Item Cruzamento dialélico de genótipos da mini-coleção nuclear de arroz da Embrapa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-26) Mendonça, João Antônio; Oliveira, Jaison Pereira de; Chaves, Lázaro José; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Chaves, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Moraes, Orlando PeixotoThe Embrapa Rice Core Collection (ERICC) was established aiming to represent the genetic variability of the rice Genebank of Embrapa Rice and Beans. The agronomic and molecular characterization of 550 accessions from ERICC enabled to know the extension of the genetic variability of this collection. The molecular data from ERICC genotyping using 86 SSR markers were used to set up a sub-sample, known as Mini-ERICC, which was assembled with the 24 accessions with higher average genetic distance, 12 from upland and 12 from lowland accessions. Since the Mini-ERICC represents a large part of the rice genetic variability from Brazil, the crossings among its accessions could create several new allelic combinations. This dissertation aimed to determine, by means of diallel crosses from Mini-ERICC lowland accessions, plus four additional genotypes from ERICC, the estimates of genitor effect, genitor heterosis, Specific Combining Ability (SCA), General Combining Ability (GCA) and the correlation between heterosis and molecular genetics distance. The 16 genitors and 120 F1 hybrids were evaluated by 10 traits in a field experiment using a 12 x 12 Lattice experimental design. It was possible to identify crosses with high SCA for all traits. These information will be useful in planning new broad genetic basis crosses, aiming new hybrid combinations and the development of populations to extract genetically divergent inbred lines in relation to those currently selected in Brazilian rice breeding programs.The 33 hybrid combinations that did not differ the productivity in relation to high-yielding genitors and controls (P<0,05) indicated that crosses involving at least one less adapted genitor are able to generate favorable allele combinations to breeding programs. The RW genetic distance between genitors from hybrid combinations was positively correlated to traits plant height, panicle length, spikelet number, and negatively correlated to percentage of filled grains and yield. The crossings with rice must prioritize, initially, the maximization of rice genetic variability, and at the end, the development of lines and cultivars with new favorable allele and allele combinations, resulting in a reduction of the rice vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses, increasing the yield and the food security of the Brazilian population.Item Mapeamento associativo para produtividade em arroz sob déficit hídrico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-26) Pantalião, Gabriel Feresin; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Borba, Tereza Cristina de OliveiraDrought is an environmental factor which narrows crop production, such as upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The knowledge of aspects related to drought stress, and plant response to it, may furnish plant breeding programs essential data for the development of tolerant cultivars, and hence with higher yields under such conditions. Association mapping has been a successful approach to elucidate the genetic basis of economically important traits in plants, and afterward in the implementation of marker assisted selection (MAS). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been applied in a variety of contexts, including SNP identification and development. Among methodologies for marker discovery and high-throughput genotyping, GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing) points out by its low cost and speed at which samples can be analyzed. The aim of this work was to identify, by GBS, the polymorphism from SNP markers within 283 upland accessions from Embrapa Rice Core Collection (ERiCC) and associate them to yield under drought stress. After filtering the raw data of predetermined stringent parameters, 285.379 SNP were identified in the 12 rice chromosomes. For the association mapping, molecular and phenotypic data were combined for the identification of SNP associated to drought, aiming the subsequent development of a marker set for MAS besides the identification of genes for genetic engineering. The analysis identified 48 SNP associated with the evaluated traits, 13 associated to drought susceptibility index (DSI) and 35 to yield under drought stress. Among the 48 SNP, 35 was anchored in 31 rice genes. Seven genes, out of the 31, possessed SNP associated to DSI, and the other 24 genes to yield under drought stress. These genes may be evaluated to be effectively employed for MAS. If the overexpression of such genes provides an enhanced drought tolerance, they may be used in the development of tolerant rice cultivars.Item Heterose e capacidade combinatória de genótipos da coleção nuclear de arroz da Embrapa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-09-15) Ramos, Mariana Rodrigues Feitosa; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Morais, Orlando Peixoto de; Chaves, Lázaro JoséThe success of plant breeding programs depends on the choice of progenitors capable of producing progeny with desired characteristics, which are the raw material for the genetic selection. This study aimed to evaluate the combining ability of two groups of genitors, composed of 12 genotypes of rice, selected based on the high grain yield performance in each location (Goiania and Boa Vista), and their respective crosses, through complete diallel cross scheme without reciprocals, in two generations (F2 and F7). The experimental design was a randomized blocks, and it were evaluated the traits grain yield (PG) and days to flowering (DF), and estimated the varietal effect ( ̂), the average heterosis, varietal heterosis ( ̂ ) and specific heterosis ( ̂ in every generation, and for each group, the general combining ability ( ̂ ) of the parents. Significant differences were detected among the parents of both groups, for both traits, and were considered the most promising for the selection of new inbred lines, the combinations involving genitors with the highest values and positive effects of ̂ For PG trait in Goiânia, it were identified Canela Curta, Maninjau, Epagri 108 and Diamante, and in Boa Vista, the best genotypes were BRS Jaburu, BG90-2, Mearim, BRS Biguá and Chililica. For the DF trait in Goiânia, the genitors showing a decrease in the number of days to flowering and increased ̂ were Araguaia, CT11632, IRAT 122, Pratinha Branco and TOx 503, while for Boa Vista it were TOx 514, BRS Jaburu, Itaqui , BG90-2, BRS Biguá and IR54R. The use of SSR markers to infer the potential success of a certain hybrid combination, both in F2 and F7 generation, has not been indicated for the group of genitors evaluated.Item Efeito da superexpressão do gene OVP1 em parâmetros fisiológicos e caracteres relacionados a produtividade de grãos em arroz de terras altas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-05) Rocha, Dhiôvanna Corrêia; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Prado, Guilherme SouzaPopulation growth, climate change and reduction of area for cultivation are some of challenges that agriculture has been facing in recent years, making it necessary to develop cultivars to meet global demand for food. The highland rice cultivar BRSMG Curinga was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens to overexpress the OVP1 gene. OVP1 gene encodes a protein that pumps protons across membranes using the energy from breaking down inorganic pyrophosphate (Pi) and trigger various metabolic and morphological changes in plants. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of some traits related to grain yield, physiology, and gene expression of genetically modified (GM) rice that overexpressed the OVP1 gene (OVP1-E4) compared to the non-genetically modified (NGM). Two experiments were carried out under controlled conditions at Embrapa Rice and Beans in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The experimental design was based on complete randomized blocks with eight repetitions for the first experiment and four for the second. Some traits related to grain yield in rice and physiological data were collected with the IRGA device during the reproductive phase (stages R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8 e R9), making it possible to estimate the carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) and the instantaneous (A/E) and intrinsic water (A/Gs) use efficiency were estimated. The OVP1 gene was quantified by RT-qPCR and the transcriptome was evaluated through RNAseq. A joint analysis of variance (p<0.05) was performed for the collected data in the two experiments. The OVP1-E4 event stood out for producing 21% more grains per panicle and 31% more filled grains than NGM. Significant physiological changes were found during grain filling (R6). At this stage, the OVP1-E4 event showed an increase of 61% in the photosynthetic rate and was 89% more efficient in carboxylation than NGM, without the occurrence of an increase in stomatal conductance and in the transpiratory rate. GM plants were also more efficient in using water. OVP1 gene was more expressed in the OVP1-E4 event during the grain filling period, and genes involved in photosynthesis were up-regulated in GM plants. Overexpression of OVP1 gene resulted in plants with physiological and phenotypic changes that pave the way for the development of rice cultivars more physiologically more efficient and more productive.Item Mapeamento de QTL para caracteres de importância agronômica em arroz no cruzamento Araguaia X Maninjau(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-09-30) Santos, Jéssica Fernanda Ferreira dos; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Borba, Tereza Cristina de OliveiraThe productivity of the main food crops will not be sufficient to meet the anticipated demands for food. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food for a large part of the world population, and increasing its productivity has been one of the main objectives of breeding programs in the world, with the aim of developing rice cultivars with greater productive potential and production stability than those available today. Adaptability and stability studies, together with the mapping of QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) aiming at the discovery of markers for assisted selection, can boost the obtaining of commercial cultivars that meet the demand for rice grain production. This work aimed to identify: 1) Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) productive, with greater adaptability and stability, and 2) QTLs related to important agronomic characters in a population of RILs from the interspecific crossing Araguaia x Maninjau. The adaptability and stability analysis was performed in two locations (Boa Vista - RR and Goianira - GO) to obtain phenotypic data of four agronomic traits and identification of superior inbred lines. The RILs and the genitors were genotyped by the DArTseq methodology to obtain SNPs markers and silico DArTs for the QTL mapping. After consolidating the data from the field and genotyping experiments, the QTLs analysis was performed considering 234 RILs and 8,911 SNPs and DArTs by the multiple interval mapping method, with LOD≥ 3.0. The interspecific crossing generated enough variability to select superior inbred lines and favorable alleles for QTL mapping. The Goianira experiment showed the most productive RILs (average of 6,455 kg/ha) and the most resistant to lodging (average score of 1.7), while the Boa Vista experiment showed precocious RILs (average of 72.1 days until flowering) and lower plants (average height of 106.51 cm). The genitor Maninjau had a better phenotypic performance for productivity, while Araguaia was more precocious, lower and resistant to lodging. Two line stood out for performing well in different environments for multiple characters. Twenty-two significant QTLs (LOD≥ 3.0) were identified, six for grain yield, five for days to flowering and 11 for plant height, with explained phenotypic variation ranging from 3.94% to 35.36 The QTL PTHT12 for plant height had stability between environments. The QTL mapping confirmed that the genitor Maninjau was the donor of 66.6% of the favorable alleles to increase grain productivity, and that Araguaia was the donor of 100% of the favorable alleles for early flowering and 63.3% for size low in RILs. The line with the best performance are indicated to continue in the breeding program. Potential markers were identified for grain yield, flowering and plant height, and are indicated for the validation step for use in the assisted selection routine of rice breeding programs in BrazilItem Análise de qtl para produtividade no cruzamento de arroz epagri 108 (indica) x irat 122 (japonica) por marcadores SNPs.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-08-12) Silva, Daniany Rodrigues Adorno; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Torga, Paula PereiraThe rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for the majority of the world's population. One of the main challenges for the breeding programs of this crop is the increase of the yield potential of commercial cultivars. For the development of superior lines and cultivars is necessary to identify and incorporate superior alleles in genetic breeding programs. One of the alterna-tives for the identification of useful genetic variability is the crossing involving genetically unrelated parents, as well as genotyping and phenotyping the segregating populations de-rived from these crossings, and posterior analysis of QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus). This study aimed to identify genes associated with yield of grains in rice through Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS), field experiments and a posterior analysis of QTL involving 232 RIL’s (Recombinant Inbred Lines) derived from the inter-subspecific crossing Epagri 108 (indica) x IRAT 122 (japonica) in two locations (Goianira - State of Goias and Boa Vista - State of Roraima). For the QTL analysis it was mapped 2,382 SNP markers, which identified two QTLs for yield, both located on chromosome 6, exclusively for the experiment of Goianira. The average effects of allele substitutions were 1,365.20 kg.ha-1 and 1,075.49 kg.ha-1, and the proportions of the phenotypic variance explained by the QTLs were 18% and 29%, clas-sified as QTL of large effect. All favorable alleles for yield were derived from genitor IRAT 122. One of the QTL identified to the productivity showed interaction QTL x E, which was expected due to the high significance of interactions G x E detected in the joint analysis. For the experiment of Goianira was also analyzed the trait hundred grain weight, and it were found three QTLs on chromosomes 5, 6 and 12. The average effects of the allelic substitution for the hundred grain weight ranged from 0.12 to 0.14 grams. The proportions of the pheno-typic variance explained by the QTLs ranged from 6 to 8%. Approximately 84% of the QTLs for the hundred grain weight were obtained from the parent IRAT 122. In chromosomal regions identified QTLs for grain yield are contained two genes: the LOC_Os06g16870, a transposon En/Spm, and the LOC_Os06g33320 whose function remains unknown, but whose expression was almost exclusively found in the inflorescences of rice. For the hundred grain weight, the chromosome region of the QTL located on chromosome 5 is located in a linkage block with 82 genes that co-segregate, and whose putative functions include, among others, the adjustment of tillering, pollen formation, grain filling and resistance to abiotic stress. For the QTL located on chromosome 6 it was identified the gene LOC_Os06g16160, which the function still unassigned, but whose expression is located almost exclusively in the root. On chromosome 12, the QTL containing the gene LOC_Os12g41956 expresses a protein of the galactosyl-transferase family, which participates in the synthesis of the RFO’s (Raffinose Family of Oligosaccharides), regulating the levels of reserve oligosaccharides in seeds.