Doutorado em Zootecnia (EVZ)
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Navegando Doutorado em Zootecnia (EVZ) por Por Orientador "Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca"
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Item Suplementação in ovo de vitamina E e cantaxantina para embriões de frango de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-11-09) Araújo, Itallo Conrado Sousa de; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mello, Heloisa Helena Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Stringhini, José Henrique; Lopes, Karina Ludovico Almeida Martinez; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros; Lara, Leonardo José CamargosTwo experiments were conducted to avaluate the effect of in ovo supplementation of antioxidants to broiler chickens on neonatal oxidative status, incubation results, chick quality and broiler performance. In the first experiment, five levels of vitamin E (0.0, 25.0, 35.0, 45.0 and 55.0 mg) were diluted in 0.5 mL of sunflower oil and in the second experiment five levels were used of cantaxanthin (0.000, 0.035, 0.045, 0.055 and 0.065 mg) obtained from a commercial product (canthaxanthin 10%), diluted with 0.5 mL of distilled water. In both experiments were used 780 eggs, distributed in three incubators (block), 260 eggs in each. Vitamin E supplementation improved egg hatchability, lower birth rate of chicks and better physical quality of chicks. There was also a positive response in the small intestine weight and villus height of the duodenum of the chicks, which provided improvement in feed conversion for all the periods studied during the performance. The results of protein concentration in the liver and striated muscle were higher for the chicks that received vitamin E. It was concluded that vitamin E supplementation in ovo improves the oxidative state of the chick and this improves the incubation results, quality of the chick and performance in the initial phase. On the other hand, supplementation with the commercial product of canthaxanthin showed worsening for the hatching and birth window variables, with a consequent increase in the number of neonatal chicks with physical quality below 71 points. Supplementation of canthaxanthin did not influence the weight or length of neonatal chicks. Furthermore, it was possible to verify a higher amount of total proteins in the liver of the chicks supplemented with the commercial product of canthaxanthin, it was also possible to verify improvement in the catalase activity present in the chicks liver. It can be concluded that the commercial product is not indicated for inoculation in ovo because it contains compounds that hinder chicks hatching. However, the improvement in oxidative status was evident, and further studies could be indicated with the use of pure canthaxanthin in ovo for broiler chickens.Item Desenvolvimento do trato gastrintestinal de aves de corte de genótipos de crescimento lento na fase inicial e digestibilidade de alimentos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-04-18) Assis, Saullo Diogo de; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Minafra, Cibele da Silva; Hellmeister Filho, PauloThree experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating the differences in performance, nutritional utilization of the ration and development of the digestive tract of four slow - growing broiler strains. The effects of the breeding system on the development of the digestive tract and determine the metabolizable energy values of the main feed of broiler chickens slow growing. In the experiment I were evaluated the zootechnical performance, the bioeconomic index and the metabolizability of the nutrients of the ration of different strains of slow - growth and early - growth broilers. A total of 544 day - old chicks, 136 of each genotypes were used: Label Rouge Pesadão, Isa Label Rouge Naked Neck, Carijó and CarijóNaked Neck, distributed randomly in eight replicates of 17 animals each. The studied variables were performance, bioeconomic index, nutrient metabolizable coefficients, apparent metabolizable energy (EMA) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn). In experiment II, 600 slow - growing chickens (Label Rouge Naked Neck) were housed initially in a conventional masonry shed, raised up to 70 days old. At 35 days of age they were divided into two groups, one of which had access to free area and another one remained in the shed until the end of the experiment. The variables studied were live weight, digestive tract development and intestinal histomorphometry at different ages. For experiment III, six hundred broiler chicks of the Label Rouge Naked Neck line were used. The treatments consisted of seven foods and one reference diet. The methodology used was the total collection of excreta. The tested foods were: soybean meal, corn grain, rice bran, sorghum grain, 60% corn gluten, wheat bran and soybean oil. There were differences (P <0.05) for live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion among the four lines studied, at 7, 14, 21, 28and 63 days of age. The Carijó Neck strain showed the worst performance results from 1 to 63 days of age compared to the other lines studied. There was a difference (P <0.05) for the bioeconomic index (IBE). The Carijó, Label Rouge Neck and Label rouge lines had the highest IBE values. The metabolizable coefficients of the nutrients differed (P <0.05) between the lines at seven and 21 days of age. The highest value of the metabolizable coefficient of the protein and mineral matter of the diet was obtained by the Carijó line at seven and 21 days of age. There was a difference (P <0.05) between the lineages in live weight, allometry of digestive tract organs and intestinal histomorphometry at one, seven and 28 days of age. The breeding systems influenced (<0.05) the live weight and the allometry of the organs of the digestive system of broiler chickens of the Isa Label Neck Snack Line at 72 days of age. The semiconfined breeding system improved the performance and growth of the small intestine of the Isa Label Naked Neck line. The values of AMEn (kcal / kg) of foods based on natural matter were: soybean meal, 2215 kcal / kg; corn grain, 3568 kcal / kg; sorghum grain, 3212 kcal / kg; rice bran, 2365 kcal / kg; wheat bran, 2482 kcal / kg; soybean oil, 7902 kcal / kg and 60% corn gluten, 2860 kcal / kg. The slow growing strains present differences in performance, nutritional utilization, allometric digestion tract and energetic utilization of the ration when compared to each other.Item Extrato padronizado em compostos fenólicos de resíduos agroindustriais de goiaba em rações para frango(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-01-19) Noleto, Raiana Almeida; Stringhini , José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7193007113950510; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Racanicci, Aline Mondini Calil; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues Taveira; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; Café, Marcos BarcellosThree experiments were carried out to evaluate guava extract standardized on phenolic compounds (GESPC) in broiler ration. In experiment one, were evaluated, total ash and insoluble in acids content, granulometric distribution and the intumescence rate of the plant, in liquid extract were evaluated total phenol content, flavonoids and tannins, antioxidant activity, centesimal composition and fatty acid profile was also evaluated. In experiment two, was evaluated performance, diet nutrients metabolizability, intestine histomorphometry and length, relative weight of digestible and lymphoid organs. A total of 300 male chickens were used, in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and six replicates with ten birds. Treatments: basal ration (control), basal ration + 120 mg/kg vitamin E or three levels of GESPC (600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg of feed). In experiment tree, performance, carcass yield and cuts, blood biochemistry, feed fatty acid profile, pH and meat color, were evaluated 24 hours after slaughter, lipid oxidation and fatty acid profile of breast and drumstick/thigh meat at 42 days old, after 30 and 60 days of storage. A total of 600 male chickens were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments, and five replicates with 24 birds. Treatment: Basal ration (control), basal ration with 200 mg/kg vitamin E or three levels of GESPC (1,000, 1,300 and 1,600 mg/kg of feed). In experiment one, plant sample presented 5.76% total ashes, 3.22% acid insoluble ashes, moderately thick powder and 2.6 mL of intumescence rate. The extract had 0.166 mg/mL total phenols, 5.97% flavonoids and 0.315 mg/mL of tannins, 96% of moisture, 2.6% proteins, 3.0% lipids and 12 fatty acids. The antioxidant activity: IC50 = 21.7 μg/mL by DPPH method and a percentage of 1.6 x 107 μM Fe 2 SO 4/g by FRAP method. In experiment two, chickens supplemented with extract had higher weight, final weight and better feed conversion at 7 days old. There was a quadratic effect for weight gain, final weight and a decrecent linear for feed conversion at seven days old. Diet nutrients metabolizability was not influenced. In broilers supplemented with 1000 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg of GESPC, intestine length and spleen weight was longer than control group at seven days old, respectively. Chickens fed with rations whit 800 and 1,000 mg/kg of GESPC had higher villi stature in relation to villus cryo in the duodenum in relation to control at 21 days old. In experiment tree carcass performance and yield were not influenced by treatments. Broilers supplemented with 1600 mg/kg of GESPC had higher total protein levels in blood compared to control group or 1,000 mg/kg group. There was a higher volume of globulins in broilers fed with 1600 mg/kg of GESPC, in relation to other treatments. Concentration of HDL was higher in broilers blood fed with ration containing 1,600 mg/kg of GESPC in relation to control groups and 1000 mg/kg of GESPC. A higher pH on broilers breast muscle was observed, when fed with 1300 or 1600 mg/kg of GESPC compared to vitamin E group. In the drumstick/thigh, pH was higher in broilers fed with on 1600 mg/kg of GESPC or vitamin E in relation to control group. The lipid oxidation at 30 days of storage was higher in drumstick/thigh of broilers supplemented with 1,300 and 1,600 mg/kg of GESPC in relation to other treatments. The lipid oxidation at 60 days of storage was higher in drumstick/thigh of broilers supplemented with 1,600 mg/kg of GESPC in relation to other treatments. The liquid extract of guava residue contains bioactive substances, with potential antioxidant activity by the DPPH and FRAP method. The GESPC 800 or 1,000 mg/kg supplementation level may be used in broiler diets considering intestinal performance and development. The EGPCF at doses of 1,300 and 1,600 mg/kg increases the lipid oxidation of broiler meat stored for 30 and 60 days.Item Uso de emulsifiante em dietas de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-04-01) Oliveira, Marcus Vinicius Garcia de; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Mendonça, Raiana Almeida Noleto; Sysneiros, Cristine dos Santos Settimi; Lopes, Karina Ludovico de Almeira MartinezTwo experiments were conducted. The first one aimed to study the effects of the emulsifying in diets using three different levels of metabolized energy (ME) (low, recommended and high) in the initial and growth phases of broilers, with a 3x2 factorial. In the initial phase, the diets had 2.950, 3.050, and 3.150 kcal/kg, and in the growth phase, 3.100, 3.150 and 3.200 kcal/kg of ME, with the inclusion of 0,125% of an emulsifying that has soy lecithin as its main component. The aim was to determinate the apparent metabolized energy (AME) and the apparent metabolized energy corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) in diets with three levels of metabolized energy (ME), as well as nitrogen balance (NB), digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DCDM), ether extract (DCEE), nitrogen (DCN), and crude energy (DCCE). It was verified that the inclusion of the emulsifying increased the DCDM, DCN, NB, and AMEn in diets with 2.950 and 3050 kcal/kg, while in the growth phase, the AME and AMEn in diets with lower levels of metabolized energy (3.100 kcal/kg), suggesting the inclusion of the emulsifying in broilers’ diet with lower levels of metabolized energy. The second experiment aimed to study the inclusion of the emulsifying in broilers’ diet with two different fat sources (soy oil and chicken fat), therefore forming a 2x2 factorial. It was used an emulsifying that has soy lecithin as its main component with 0,5% of inclusion (on top). The emulsifying (soy lecithin) improved the broilers’ body weight in 35 (120 g) and 42 (150 g) days old, regardless to the fat source used in the diet, as well as the productive efficiency ratio (416,69). There were no differences to the percentage of ether extract found in the excrete of 7 and 21 days old broilers. To assess the intestinal histomorphometry of 21 days of age, the emulsifying increased the villous height in the intestine of broilers fed with soy oil, not showing any differences to the chicken fat, while in the jejunum, the greatest villous height was found in diets with chicken fat and in the ileum, with soy oil, both of which used the emulsifying. There was no verification of the emulsifying effect and the type of fat for the liver’s histology, but it was verified that the fat source influenced the serum blood profile, which the total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were higher in diets with chicken fat for 7 days old chicks. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) enzyme showed lower values for diets with soy oil and emulsifying, and the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) was higher for the chicken fat, without any effect of the emulsifying for 7 days old chicks. For 21 days old broilers, the GPT was higher for broilers fed with chicken fat in the diet. There was no interaction, as well as emulsifying effect, for the relative liver weight, pancreas and small intestine on the evaluated ages (21 and 42 days), as well as the carcass yield. The inclusion of the emulsifying improved the body weight of 21 and 42 days old broilers, the productive efficiency ratio and the height of the villous, both in the duodenum and jejunum, being indicated its inclusion in the broilers’ diet.Item Desempenho e respostas fisiológicas de frangos alimentados com rações processadas termicamente, contendo milho ou sorgo, nas fases pós-eclosão e pré-inicial(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-30) Sousa, Regina Fialho de; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936451314440305; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Guimarães, Igo Gomes; Oliveira, Eduardo Miranda deResumo em língua estrangeira: Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance, the metabolizability of nutrients and the physiological responses of chicks fed with thermally processed feed, containing corn or sorghum, in the post-hatch and in the pre-initial phase. In Experiment I, was evaluated the thermal processing of the post-hatch diet, made with corn or sorghum. The design was completely randomized, in a 2x2 factorial scheme (pelleted or extruded feed, containing corn or sorghum), with four treatments, six replications of 30 chicks each. The experimental diets were supplied in transport boxes for 24 hours after hatching. After the post-hatch phase, all chicks were housed and received the same pre-starter feed. Analysis of variance was performed and the means compared by the Tukey test (5%). After 24 hours, chicks that consumed the pelleted post-hatch diet showed less weight loss. There was greater absorption of nutrients from the yolk sac in chicks that consumed feed with sorghum, regardless of thermal processing. It was also found that post-hatch diets with corn, when extruded, resulted in greater specific amylase activity and lower glucose concentration in chicks. At seven days of age, chicks that consumed feed extruded with corn showed worse feed conversion. In Experiment II, the effect of thermal processing of pre-starter diets with sorghum or corn was evaluated on performance, development of TGI and specific activity of amylase and pancreatic lipase in chicks. were used 360 broiler chicks, distributed in completely randomized, in a 2x2 factorial scheme, two ingredients (corn or sorghum) and two types of thermal processing (extrusion or pelletizing), six repetitions of 15 chicks each. The experimental rations were supplied to the chicks in the pre-initial phase (1 to 7 days) and after all the chicks received the same meal, mash. At seven days of age, it was found that chicks fed with extruded feed, based on sorghum, showed better performance. A greater relative weight of the pancreas, jejunum and ileum was observed when the pre-initial diet was based on sorghum. The extruded feed based on corn resulted in greater specific activity of pancreatic amylase. Chicks that consumed feed extruded with sorghum showed greater height of villus in the duodenum and jejunum. The effect of the pre-starter feed on the weight gain observed at seven days of age remained until 21 days. In Experiment III, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the thermal processing of the pre-initial diet for broiler chicks on the performance, development of the digestive tract and metabolizability of nutrients. were used 270 male chicks, distributed in a completely randomized design, with the treatments: pelleted feed and extruded feed. Analysis of variance was performed. At seven days of age, chicks fed extruded feed had less development of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and worse metabolizability of nitrogen, dry matter, in addition to less metabolizable energy compared to pelleted feed. At 21 days of age, chicks that consumed pelletized pre-starter feed showed better performance compared to extruded feed. It is concluded that post-hatch diets based on sorghum, stimulate the absorption of the yolk sac, regardless of the type of thermal processing used. The extrusion of the pre-initial feed produced with sorghum is the processing that results in better performance, development of the organs of the digestive system. Pelletizing of the pre-starter ration is the most suitable thermal processing for corn-based diets, as it results in greater performance and metabolizability of nutrients in broiler chicks.