Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais (PRPG)
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Navegando Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais (PRPG) por Por Orientador "Ferreira, Nilson Clementino"
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Item Avaliação ambiental das bacias de captação de água no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-27) Dantas, Tiago Miranda; Ribeiro, Hugo José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9999213878472864; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Arruda, Poliana NascimentoConsidering the assumption of limited natural resources, it is clear that preservation initiatives are essential for maintaining a balanced socio-environmental system. The change in land use over the past decades in the Cerrado biome shows an occupation focused on activities predominantly of agriculture and cattle ranching, with public and fiscal incentives, which guaranteed access to producers and large companies to new technologies and methods to make the biome, a world reference in the production of commodities. The expansion of the agricultural frontiers from the second half of the 20th century on, made the Goiás state a reference in agribusiness, which leveraged the regional economy. However, these occupation processes have directly affected many environmentally fragile areas, which can directly impact the natural resource base for all production processes, water. The Goiás state has 192 hydrographic basins for public supply in which their collection points are managed by SANEAGO, the sanitation company, which in recent years has been reporting recurrences of emergency situations in the water supply of municipalities in periods of drought, which directly affects the populations of the municipalities supplied. Thus, this study aimed to identify the change in land use and occupation in the water catchment areas of the state, correlating data on precipitation and factors that identify areas of environmental fragility. The results obtained showed that in the water supply watersheds of the Goiás municipalities there has been no change in rainfall intensities. However, the catchments located in the central-southern portion of the state of Goiás have their native vegetation cover impacted due to the occupation processes, which occurred without planning, enabling the increase of erosive processes, affecting the production of sediments, besides the water recharge. It is important that the Goiás state develops specific policies aimed at the sustainable use of water catchment areas, seeking the preservation of native vegetation in environmentally fragile areas of these watersheds, thus ensuring the water security of the municipalities.Item Avaliação do risco à perda da qualidade ambiental do aquífero freático na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-20) Nogueira, Sérgio Henrique de Moura; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Bayer, Maximiliano; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte GuimarãesAmong the impacts caused in nature by human society, urbanization is considered one of the most aggressive, and in many cases may be irreversible. In the last decades, the majority of the global population has been living in urbanized areas, generating megacities and metropolitan areas with high demographic density, where several activities have intensified and can threat the environment as a whole, including aquifers. The loss of the environmental quality of groundwater is a common problem in Brazilian urban centers. Studies that approaches the spatialisation of impacts from exposure to pollutant loads of different natures, are important instruments for directing actions aimed at the conservation of water resources in these large urban centers. In this study, a map of water table's depth was elaborated from the processing of multiple variables. Then, an environmental vulnerability assessment was elaborated, and from the categorization of the land use, it was possible to obtain a classification map of the general risk of loss of the environmental quality of the groundwater of the metropolitan region of Goiânia. The resulting map shows the places where the risks are high and very high, coinciding with the urbanized areas, explained by the intensity of activities that threaten the natural resource. In the non-urbanized areas there are places of moderate risk, explained by the establishment of agricultural and livestock activities where the water table is near the surface.Item O uso da água em Goiás, potencialidade, demanda para irrigação por pivôs centrais e perspectivas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-29) Pereira Júnior, Lindolfo Caetano; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Ferreira, Manuel EduardoIn this paper, an analysis of expansion of central pivots irrigation in the estate of Goiás from 1984 to 2015 was performed, with the objective of identifying the conditioning factors of this occupation process and its relation with the water compromise in the study area. For this, images obtained by Landsat satellite sensors and Government data were used to map these facilities. In order to define the water compromise, we also mapped the existing equipment in the Distrito Federal. In addition, was used as reference the Medium Long Term Flow (QMLT), generating a scenario of maximum hydrological potential. As final phase, was performed the analysis of the commitment in catchment basins for public supply, having as a reference the max water right capacity. The state had 3,489 facilities covering an irrigated area of 242,128 hectares in 2015. There was a clear pattern of distribution of irrigation pivots within the state, 60% of existing equipment are located on flat relief terrain with latosols and as close as 10 kilometers of a paved highway. This technique is consolidated in Goiás and tends to expand in the coming years, being a gradual and continuous expansion that facilitates long-term water resource management action. The mapped equipment is located in mid-priced land areas, more distant from the major urban centers, however with the required infrastructure for the production distribution. The area of study (Goiás and Distrito Federal) presented an average water availability in the order of 17 l.s-1 (km²)-1 with a maximum around 32 l.s-1 (km²)-1 and a minimum around 9 l.s-1 (km²)-1 . This availability is distributed in a heterogeneous manner, with the largest flows being in the south of the state of Goiás. The annual surface hydrological potential in the study area is of the order of 178 km³.year-1 . For the state of Goiás, this potential is around 175 km³.year-1 and for the Distrito Federal is approximately 2.5 km³.year-1. The hydrographic region that presented the highest potential volume was the Corumbá, Verissimo and São Marcos rivers, with an offer of the order of 26 km³.-1, a volume that represents about 15% of the total. The average volume required for irrigation by central pivots was 4,800 m³.year-1 .ha-1 , ranging from about 3,800 m³.year-1 ha-1 in the south to around 8,000 m³.year-1.ha -1 in the northeast of Goiás; Resulting in a demand of 1.23 km³-year, with reference to the year 2015. About 68,857 (85%) of the segments analyzed do not present any interference generated by this irrigation sector. This technique also does not present itself as a factor of pressure on the pumping for human supply (using the methodology adopted for granting in Goiás) since only one hydrographic basin presented demand superior to QMLT.