Mestrado em Agronomia (EA)
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Navegando Mestrado em Agronomia (EA) por Por Orientador "Casaroli, Derblai"
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Item Índice de área foliar e estresse hídrico da cana-de-açúcar em função de variáveis climáticas e dados orbitais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-06-03) Pereira, Rodrigo Moura; Vellame, Lucas Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8702210588870644; Casaroli, Derblai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1054839770814863; Casaroli, Derblai; Teixeira, Marconi Batista; Alves Júnior, JoséSpectral information obtained by satellite imagery is well related to agronomic variables and can be used to monitor sugarcane growth and their responses to changes in environmental conditions of cultivation in large areas. This study is aimed to establish relationships between orbital data in the spectral ranges of the thermal and active photosynthetic radiation of Landsat-8 satellite with data observed with the leaf area index field (LAI), plant height, number of green leaves, and leaf temperature in plots planted with sugarcane, CTC-04 genotype, in a production cycle in sugarcane plant stage in Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO in the 2013/14 crop year. The first study aimed to calibrate a model to measure the temporal variation of the sugarcane LAI from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from satellite Landsat 8’s surface reflectance images. It was conducted and the correlation between the LAI collected in the field and the NDVI with and without application of atmospheric correction. The corrected model showed the best relationship with field data. The application of the spectral model was efficient to monitor LAI over a sugarcane plant cycle. The results suggest that the NDVI-LAI relationship may vary during the production cycle of sugarcane due to variations in growth, development, and environmental conditions. Spectral variable NDVI with atmospheric correction was highly correlated (R² = 0,83) with LAI but the relationship proved to be affected by the NDVI saturation point at high values of LAI observed in the field. The second study aimed to evaluate the applicability of surface temperature (LST) obtained from the thermal bands of the Landsat-8 in correlation with the leaf temperature of sugarcane, to establish relationships able to detect water stress remotely through the images, in the occurrence period of drought throughout the year production in rain fed crop in the Cerrado region. The results showed that LST, despite having low direct association with the leaf temperature, has the potential of monitoring water stress in sugarcane within the Cerrado region, since the simulation of the difference between LST and the air temperature accompanies the spread between the leaf temperature and the air, the dynamics of soil water balance and changes in crop growth rates that occur in response to water stress.Item Respostas da variedade CTC-4 de cana-de-açúcar em função de dados agroclimáticos e espectrais em Santo Antônio de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-08-29) Quirino, Dayanna Teodoro; Sanches, Ieda Del’Arco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2456184661855977; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pego; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5171893735359718; Casaroli, Derblai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1054839770814863; Casaroli, Derblai; Alves Júnior, José; Barros, Juliana RamalhoSugarcane is one of the crops that has relevance in the Brazilian economy due to its diversified utility. Consequently, the availability of accurate information on biometric behavior, crop tolerance and crop productivity can assist in the decision-making of variety roll-out in the region. Information about the climatic conditions of a region associated with mathematical models of agricultural productivity estimation is important for the sugar and alcohol sector, helping to organize the operations in the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate sugarcane responses to central-western agrometeorological variables as well as to compare four methods to estimate sugarcane productivity in the municipality of Santo Antonio de Goias. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Goiás, whose productive area belongs to the CentroÁlcool S.A. plant. The sugarcane variety CTC-04 was used in a productive area of 193 ha, with cultivation in dry conditions. The evaluations were carried out in the cane-plant and cane-soca cycle (1st and 2nd soca), referring to the harvests of 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The biometric variables were: height, diameter, number of green leaves and index of leaf area in relation to time and climatic variables. Evapotranspiration was obtained by the FAO standard Penman-Monteith method, the daily climatological water balance was calculated by the methodology proposed by Thornthwaite and Mather. The estimation of productivity of the sugarcane crop was estimated by four models: Agroecological Zone (ZAE), model proposed by Scarpari, model proposed by Martins and Landell and Spectral Agrometeorological. The precipitation volume in the years of 2014, 2015 and 2016 in the dry and rainy periods registered a volume lower than predicted in the climatological normal. The average air temperature remained within the expected range. The water balance of the crop recorded in crop seasons 13/14, 14/15 and 15/16 an accumulated water deficit of 857.91 mm, 772.38 mm, 599.81 mm respectively. The biometric behavior of sugarcane cultivated in Santo Antônio de Goiás presented an average rate ofstem height and diameter in the crops of 13/14, 14/15 and 15/16 of 0.49 cm day -1, 0.022 mm, 1.14 cm dia-1 0.04 mm and 0.75 cm dia, 0.04 mm respectively. The average number of green leaves was 7 leaves for crops 13/14 and 14/15 and 8 in the 15/16 crop. The CTC-04 variety showed a better productivity index in rainfed cultivation in the cane-plant cycle. Among the models analyzed to estimate the sugarcane yield, Spectral Agrometeorological showed superior capacity in relation to the others to estimate sugarcane productivity. In addition, its implementation is low cost and allows throughout the crop to monitor the average climatic conditions by phenological stage, identifying the potential losses in productivity caused by water deficiency. The model proposed by Scarpari presented a better estimate of sugarcane productivity in the cane-plant cycle. The model proposed by Martins and Landell overestimated the actual productivity of the crop probably because it does not count on a penalization of the occurrence of climate restriction.Item Zoneamento edafoclimático e respostas do mogno africano às condições do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-07-18) Rosa, Flávio de Oliveira; Alves Júnior, José; Casaroli, Derblai; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4710404D5; Casaroli, Derblai; Alves Júnior, José; Silva, Claudio Ricardo da; Vellame, Lucas MeloDue to the intensified devastation of native Brazilian Savanna biome (“Cerrado”) areas in recent decades, there is currently a major concern in preserving the remaining natural areas. In this view, the forest species cultivation purposes has emerged to meet the demand for wood. In the searching of forest species with good quality wood, easy adaptability and high commercial value, has been gaining space the african mahogany (Khaya ivorensis). Originally from west coast of Africa, is a specie that showed good adaptation to edaphoclimatic6 conditions of savanna besides being inserted in several other regions of Brazil. Although the recent implantation of the forest species in commercial plantations in Brazil, has been gaining visibility, but climate requirements is just a little known, beyond fluid and nutritional requirements of the crop. In this way, the aim of this study was to perform the brazilian edaphoclimatic zoning for african mahogany and evaluate the growth and development of this specie under savanna conditions of Goiás, as well. Firstly, edaphoclimatic zoning for the crop of african mahogany for different regions of Brazil was carried out using data temperature, rainfall and soil types, based on the origin region of species (west African coast).The field experiment was carried on Bonfinópolis, county of Goiás State. The plants were implanted is spacing of 5x5m. An irrigation system by conventional sprinkling3 was utilized to replace the lost water for evapotranspiration (ET-100%). 10 plants were evaluated, being 5 irrigated plants and 5 non-irrigated plants. The variables measured were: shaft4 height, number of leaves, stem diameter and leaf area. The experiment delimitation utilized was fully randomized (DIC), in a bi-factorial scheme 2x9 (A: irrigated and non-irrigated; D: times). The experiment in protected environment performed in EA-UFG, driving up of 18 plants in vases (20L.), with no fluid deficit, being the treatments formed by doses of N (0.0; 0.12; 0.24; 0.36; 0.48; 0.60g N plant1). These plants were evaluated for 5 months-period, with biweekly readings of: plant height, shaft height, number of leaves, number of leaflets, stem diameter and leaf area. The experimental drawing z was the DIC. From the zoning, it was realized that suitable areas to the cultivation of this species, cover most part of Brazil, extending though major part of regions Midwest of the country and thought coast of regions northeast and southeast. The suitable zones with restrictions comprise a large part of states of AM and AC, having more restrictions to south region of Brazil. Only a small strip neat the coast of SP state is considered unfit to the african mahogany plantation. The field experiment demonstrated that all evaluated variables obtained significant differences between the irrigated treatments and non-irrigated, as well, for the different times of evaluation. The irrigated plants showed higher growth than non-irrigated plants with daily rates for plant height and leaf extension of 0.706 cm and 80.354 cm2, respectively, the same variables for non-irrigated plants showed values of 0.508 cm and 63.104 cm2. The experiment in protected environment has found that nitrogen fertilization influenced the mean of leaf area wherein the dose of 0.48 and 0.60 g N-1 influenced better performance of the plants. Conclude that african mahogany can be cultivated in major areas of national territory. Irrigation is recommended on the period between May and September. Keywords: Khaya ivorensis, climate, soil, water stress, plant growth.Item Método de Granier e transpiração do mogno africano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-04-04) Sérvulo, Ana Cláudia Oliveira; Vellame, Lucas Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8702210588870644; Casaroli, Derblai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1054839770814863; Casaroli, Derblai; Alves Junior, José; Mesquita, MarcioThe African Mahogany’s commercial exploitation in the Brazilian Midwest lacks information to assist management strategies of the specie and natural resources, specially water. The transpiration and growth analysis are useful, not just for water management, but also to support physiological studies. The Granier method (thermal dissipation probe – TDP) uses sap flow measurements to estimate transpiration in woody species, however it requires validate for each new specie. This paper aimed to study the African Mahogany’s water consumption and growth in the Cerrado bioma. The main activities aimed to: a) Adjust the Granier’s sap flux method to African Mahogany; b) Quantify water consumption and vegetative growth on a 2.5 years old African Mahogany’s forest, under two water regimes; c) Establish relations between tree transpiration and atmospheric water demand. This research consisted of two experiments. The first one, happened in oct-nov/2014 and feb-may/2015, consisted of the Granier’s model adjustment with aid of the lysimetry, for use in African Mahogany’s transpiration measurements. The second experiment, happened between oct/2014 and oct/2015, on a commercial forest up to 2.5 years old, evaluated water consumption (transpiration by leaf area – T) using integrated sap flux measurements by TDP, and vegetative growth [leaf area (AF), diameter at breast height (DAP), tree height (Alt), trunk volume (VTR) and leaf dry biomass (BMF)], treatments were defined as: T1 – forest with irrigation interrupted at two years old; T2 – forest without irrigation. The adjusted sap flux model to African mahogany is F k AS 6 1,231 268,25 10 , and the original Granier’s model underestimates the transpiration in 39.1%. The average potential transpiration was between 2.1 and 34.8 L day-1. In field conditions, the growth benefits from the T1 are seen in highest values for AF, DAP and BMF. However, the Alt and VTR are not significant different. The monthly T under field conditions varied between 10.2 and 24.2 L m-2, except for jul-aug/2015, when T2 transpiration was higher. The combination of bigger leaf area and low soil water content led to T1’s water deficit scenario.