Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária (EEC)
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Navegando Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária (EEC) por Por Orientador "Ferreira, Nilson Clementino"
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Item A dinâmica hidrográfica na região sul do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-10-23) Castilho, Mayara Paula Silva Franco; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Teixeira, Denilson; Ribeiro, Hugo JoséBrazil is a world leader concerning water resources, and for its intense agricultural production. In the state of Goiás alone, more than 26 million hectares of land is earmarked for agricultural activities, and water availability is essential for the sustainability of these activities. Because of this, physical changes in hydrography may occur as a result of the increase in agricultural production, since the implementation and maintenance of these activities require interventions such as dams, water abstraction, irrigation, and deforestation. The objective of the research is to map the changes in hydrography in the Water Resources Management Planning Units (UPGRHs) of the affluent Goianos of Baixo Paranaíba and Rio dos Bois in the last three decades and to verify if they are associated with changes in use and coverage from the soil. To identify and map this water dynamics, a computational code was developed in the Java programming language and executed within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, where the classification of the presence of water was carried out using the Landsat satellite images in the years 1987, 2007 and 2017. After mapping the hydrography for the aforementioned years, the data in the form of images were exported to a Geographic Information System (GIS) computer program, for area calculations and comparison of changes about hydrography. It was found that between 1987 and 2007 there were few changes in hydrography, already in 2017, it is possible to notice significant changes mainly to the emergence of large reservoirs. As a basis for calculating the hydrographic areas in this 30-year interval in the UPGRHs in the study area, a significant increase was observed from 505.16km² to 630.46km², in water depth, corresponding to an increase of 24.80%. Likewise, changes in land use and coverage were observed. The quality of the hydrography mapping elaborated in this research was evaluated in comparison with the mapping carried out for the same years by the MapBiomas project. By comparing the areas found by the two mappings, hydrographic omissions were identified in the MapBiomas data, ranging from 41% to 63%. This discrepancy does not invalidate the data provided by MapBiomas, since the classification methodology and area of coverage of the mapping is for the entire Brazilian territory, however, this comparison found the good quality of the mappings carried out within the scope of the research. Thus, the results obtained demonstrate that there is a relationship between changes in land use and hydrography and that these changes can be identified from images with a special resolution of tens of meters.Item Proposta de processo decisório para reabilitação das áreas de disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-06-26) Melo, Diógenes Aires de; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604679266344482; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Soares, Alexandre Képler; Reichert, Geraldo Antônio; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques deOne of the biggest concerns with municipal solid wastes (MSW) is the risk of degradation of final disposal areas (FDA), since many landfills installed as sanitaries, in Goiás State, Brazil, returned to the condition of ilegal dump sites (MP-GO, 2012), and because the technical standards don´t adopt the newest concept of environmental geotechnics (JUCÁ, 2003). It´s necessary evaluate the FDA of MSW and establish the prioritization criterias for the rehabilitation in order to decide about their future. The research aimed the proposition of a multicriteria decision process for the rehabilitation of FDA of MSW in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (MRG). The MRG, composed by 20 municipalities, was choosen because it´s responsible for the generation of 46.85 % of the total of 4,088.23 tonnes/day of MSW of Goias State (SECIMA, 2014b). Three evaluations were carried out in 20 areas: quality evaluation of final disposal, through Landfill Quality Index (LQI) (FARIA, 2002); evaluation of environmental vulnerability, with the elaboration of synthesis map, integrating Topograpic Wetness Index (TWI), Length Slope (LS), Water Table and Soils; and the evaluation of legal restriction of the area uses according with Resolution No 5/2014 of Environmental State Council. The evaluations showed only 4 FDA of Aparecida de Goiânia, Bela Vista de Goiás, Trindade and Senador Canedo Counties obtained LQI greater than 8.01 and they were considered as a sanitary landfills. Most areas has moderate vulnerability and the other areas range between low and very low. Only 4 areas are free of legal restriction of use: Inhumas, Bonfinópolis, Bela Vista de Goiás and Hidrolândia; 2 are subject to agreement: Santo Antônio de Goiás and Brazabrantes; and the other 14 are restricted areas. From the hierarchical structure of the 3 combined and weighted evaluation criteria for each of the 20 alternative-areas, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was performed, which ordered Guapo as the most priority and lastly, Hydrolandia County. The decision about the future of each area indicates in ascending order that the following 14 FDA: Guapó, Caldazinha, Nova Veneza, Caturaí, Nerópolis, Aparecida de Goiânia, Trindade, Senador Canedo, Goianira, Goianápolis, Terezópolis de Goiás, Aragoiânia, Abadia de Goiás e Goiânia, should to be closed and recovered. On the other hand, the FDA´s of Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazabrantes, Inhumas, Bonfinópolis and Hidrolândia may continue to dispose their wastes since the elaboration and approval of sanitary landfill projects, as determined by the respective Environmental Agency. The FDA of Bela Vista de Goiás will be able to continue as a sanitary landfill. Finally, possible scenarios were indicated for the final disposal future of the MSW of MRG by sending preferably to the 4 shared landfills pointed by the Solid Waste State Plan, private landfill or manual trench landfill for counties with the generation less than 10 tonnes/day, together with the search of new solutions for final destination. It was concluded that not all landfill considered sanitary can continue its activities due to the environmental fragility of the area and non-compliance with the restrictions imposed by the legislation.Item Determinação de áreas impermeáveis por meio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-08-18) Moreira, Pedro Augusto Gonzaga; Mendes, Thiago Augusto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7064953575888122; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Formiga, Klebber Teodoro Martins; Barberi, MaíraThe accelerated urbanization process associated with the government’s lack of planning generates environmental, social and economic impacts. Inherent in the urbanization process, impervious surface coverage appears as one of the main factors that generate these impacts, even becoming an indicator not only of the degree of urbanization, but also of environmental quality. goiânia was planned for 50 thousand inhabitants, however, today it has more than 1.2 million inhabitants. Therefore, it is justifiable to determine the percentage of impermeable areas in the urban perimeter of the city of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, as well as to determine the quality of drainage in the census sectors, generating a product that supports decision-making by of public managers. For that, we used the object-oriented classification technique implemented in the free InterImage software. The drainage quality map was generated by crossing the impermeable areas, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) map and access to micro-drainage equipment. The result of the final classification was Kappa index 85%, considered excellent. The regions of the study area with the highest waterproofing rates were: central and south with 73 and 71%, respectively. The other regions had waterproofing rates close to 50%. However, it should be noted that the northern region is 35% urbanized, and according to the Goiânia risk map, this region should be preserved. In relation to the InterImage software, one should point out its limitation in relation to the maximum amount of pixel it can process. The urban drainage quality map generated identified that approximately 70% of the study area is found to be very unfavorable and unfavorable, a fact directly related to the current high degree of waterproofing of the study area