Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária (EEC)
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Navegando Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária (EEC) por Por Orientador "Soares, Alexandre Kepler"
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Item Otimização multiobjetivo da operação de sistemas de distribuição de água com bombas de rotação variável(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-29) Santos, Layara de Paula Sousa; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620209642728740; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620209642728740; Araújo, José Vicente Granato de; Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Vasco, Joel Roberto GuimarãesFaced with urban population growth and the importance of water as a limited natural resource, there is a need to implement techniques to reduce the operational costs of water distribution systems and ensure adequate supply. The optimization of pump operation can be used to meet the demands of consumption with a lower energy cost, in addition to maximizing hydraulic reliability. In this work, a hybrid optimization / simulation model was developed based on the multiobjective genetic algorithms and the EPANET hydraulic simulator. The NSGA II (Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) method was used to optimize the operation of variable rotation pumps, that is, the decision variables of the problem were the rotation of the pumps for each hour throughout the day. A modification of the original EPANET hydraulic simulator, which does not correctly compute the efficiency of variable-speed pumps, was employed so that the power of each pump, and consequently the cost of electric power, was calculated correctly. The representation of the system in the model was done by means of the configuration of the hypothetical network called ANYTOWN in the EPANET and implementation of the Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm, determination of the penalty coefficients and determination of genetic parameters and operators (population, generation number, mutation probability and probability of recombination). The validity test of the developed model was obtained through simulations performed with the input data, including the patterns of variation of the speed of rotation of the pumps. Non-dominated solutions (Pareto Front) were obtained considering first the negative pressure penalty at the nodes and, subsequently, the negative pressure penalties at the nodes and the closure / shutdown of tubes and / or pumps. All points found represent optimal operating solutions for the system considering the period of the last 24 hours for calculating the objective functions. The results obtained for the two previously defined objectives demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, since mainly with adoption of penalty 2, presents adequate pressures at the nodes and adequate water level in the reservoir, with the consequent saving of electric energy and increased hydraulic reliability.Item Comparação de métodos empírico-teóricos de estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência ao modelo de Penman- Monteith(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-29) Silva, Sérgio Soares da; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620209642728740; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro MartinsThe reference evapotranspiration is a fundamental parameter in the calculation of the water balance of watersheds or region as well as in determining the actual evapotranspiration of a crop or vegetation. This climatic parameter also serves as a basis for the determination of the volume and moment of irrigation of a crop. The objective of this research was on daily and monthly basis to evaluate the performance and perform the calibration methods of Hargreaves-Samani, Blaney-Criddle and Thornthwaite original and modified. The verification of performance of the models, both in their original and calibrated forms, was by comparison to the Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method. To evaluate the performance of the methods were used the correlation coefficient (r), the index of agreement (d), the confidence index (c), the mean absolute error (MAE), the mean square error (MSE), the mean square root error (RMSE), the maximum error (ME) and the coefficient of determination (R2). For this research, a series of data of ten years has been used from January 2007 to December 2016, and the first five years were used to evaluate and calibrate the methods and the last five years used to validate the adjusted methods. The meteorological data used come from a conventional station belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), located in the southwest of the state of Goiás, more precisely in the city of Jataí-GO. The validation of calibration was performed only by the Hargreaves-Samani and Blaney-Criddle models, because they had the best adjustments over the standard Penman-Monteith FAO-56 method.