Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)
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Navegando Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB) por Por Orientador "Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius"
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Item Homogeneização taxonômica, filogenética e funcional de comunidades: causas, consequências e implicações para a conservação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-15) Hidasi Neto, José; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3421612628316830; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; Almeida Neto, Mário; Diniz Filho, Jose Alexandre Felizola; Duarte, Leandro da Silva; Souza, Thiago GonçalvesBiotic homogenization can be defined as the replacement of specialist (usually native) organisms by generalists (usually exotic) through biological invasions and local extinctions. This process is capable of homogenizing various components of biodiversity, reducing the taxonomic, functional, genetic and phylogenetic diversity of populations and communities. It is also known that the homogeneity of these components may undergo changes in a natural or induced (human) manner. In addition, in the face of the loss of diversity (or heterogeneity) of the components of biodiversity, studies are done to reduce unnatural effects caused by man. We will investigate the following questions: "Where are the most similar species or communities?", "What are the natural and human causes of this high similarity?", "What are the consequences of high similarity?", "How can we avoid high homogenization of biodiversity? ". In the first chapter we will test whether less abundant species are those phylogenetic and functionally more distinct. In the second chapter we will test whether phylogenetically isolated living islands (hosts) present communities of insects (colonizers) more taxonomically homogeneous than phylogenetically isolated islands. In the third chapter we will test if climatic changes will taxonomic, functional and phylogenetically homogenize communities of mammals in the Cerrado biome. We hope to contribute to the knowledge of the causes and consequences of high homogeneity in the environment. In addition, we hope that more conservation measures are planned globally and regionally in the face of the natural and anthropogenic processes responsible for biotic homogenization.Item O papel da variação intraespecífica de atributos funcionais na estruturação de comunidades ecológicas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-15) Nobre, Paola Arielle Ferreira; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3421612628316830; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; Nabour, João Carlos; Almeida Neto, Mário; Silvério, Divino Vicente; Loiola, Priscilla de PaulaVariations in characteristics such as size, behavior and physiology among individuals of the same species are the raw material for natural selection. These characteristics are defined as functional attributes, which can directly or indirectly affect the individual performance and fitness of the species. As interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment are based on individuals, this type of approach makes a major contribution to community ecology. A high intraspecific variation of an attribute may reflect on local adaptation, as a response to biotic interactions or environmental filtering. Here I explored aspects of intraspecific variation of functional attributes related to publication trends, abundance, geographic distribution of species, and establishment in contrasting environments based on information from individuals. In the first chapter, I studied the main trends in the scientific literature on intraspecific variation of functional attributes (intraspecific trait variation – ITV). I analyzed the number of publications, the main groups of organisms and attributes, and data collection methods. I found an upward trend in ITV publications. The main groups studied were vascular plants, insects, and fish. For the group of sessile organisms, the specific leaf area was the most analyzed attribute and for the group of non-sessile organisms, the body size. Observational data were predominant in both groups. For this review, I indicated the importance of collaborative processes between scientists, with the consolidation of databases as well as sampling protocols that allowed comparing and aggregating data, allowing the continuation of this growing number of articles on ITV allowing more ecological responses about organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems. In the second chapter, I investigated the role of three determinants of species abundance. Using the specific leaf area (SLA) and data from 29 communities in seven countries, I tested whether the mean SLA values, the niche overlap between individuals of different species and the SLA ITV explained the abundance of species in the communities. I found that the most abundant species had low SLA and individuals with low niche overlap, this can be associated with resource conservation strategies and with reduced interspecific competition. In the third chapter, I studied the relationship between ITV and the geographic distribution of species using data from 554 species of native trees from the American continent and the intraspecific variation of functional attributes related to dispersal, establishment, and persistence strategies of plant species in communities (SLA, height and mass of seeds). I found that species with high values of intraspecific variation in specific leaf area and seed mass, and smaller variations in height, had larger geographic distributions. This result suggests that the variability of attribute values and environmental filters are key factors in determining ITV. Finally, in the fourth chapter, I investigated how intraspecific attribute variations differ between contrasting environments with different resource availability and environmental conditions, comparing the SLA ITV of 14 pairs of cospecific and cogeneric species between contrasting environments (semi-deciduous seasonal forests and savannas) in Brazilian cerrado. I found that species from seasonal semideciduous forests have higher SLA ITV than cospecific and cogeneric species in savannah environments. However, for wood density I did not find biologically relevant ITV. These results suggest an association between selection pressures due to competitive processes and environmental filtering in the establishment of cogeneric and cospecific species in these environments. With this study, I reaffirm the importance of using functional attributes at the scale of individuals to understand how communities are structured based on specific characteristics related to development strategies and species persistence in the environment.Item Estratégias ecológicas de plantas em florestas estacionais e savanas do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-04-13) Santos, Leandro Maracahipes dos; Carlucci, Marcos Bergmann; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1141743724585455; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3421612628316830; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; Marco Júnior, Paulo de; Teresa, Fabricio Barreto; Pinto, José Roberto Rodrigues; Macedo, Marcia NunesThe adoption of different ecological strategies is an important factor to determine the establishment and persistence of species in local communities. In general, the Cerrado is characterized by high fire frequency and poor soils. Generally under conditions of low fertility and high fire frequency the filtered species tend to have characteristics that represent adaptations to these environmental stresses. Considering that savanna species evolved under severe environmental filters, our aim was to evaluate how the adoption of different ecological strategies can determine the performance of the functional traits, the structure of the communities, and the relationship between a focal plant and its neighborhood. In this thesis work, which is divided into three chapters, we use three different scales to evaluate how species ecological strategies can determine the performance and establishment in local communities. In the first chapter, which is based on habitat scale, we evaluated how ecological strategies of generalist and specialist species of seasonal forest and savannas are fundamental for the establishment and persistence of the species in these habitats with marked differences in frequency in fire frequency and nutrient availability. In this chapter, we discuss that the different strategies adopted by species are in accordance to the limiting factors of the species occurrence in each of these environments. In the second chapter, which is based on community scale, we seek to understand how environmental gradients can determine different ecological strategies related to functional traits and density of individuals. We showed that the changes in trait values and density of individuals were more evident in the fertility gradient than toxicity, and that seasonal forest communities were more sensitive to changes savanna communities in both gradients. We also observed that species with conservative traits were associated with poor soils and species with acquisitive traits with more fertile soils. In the third chapter, which was developed at the individual scale, we discussed whether the characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of the neighboring plants influence leaf damage in trees and shrubs of savannas. In this chapter, we showed that the ecological and evolutionary distance between individual plants and neighboring plants does not determine the level of leaf damage by herbivores. We discussed that the dominance of generalist herbivores, co-evolution between plants and specialist herbivores, and preferential consumption of young leaves may be more important to determine the level of leaf damage than the neighboring context in which a given plant is inserted.Item Padrões e processos na organização de assembleias de aves insulares(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-04-20) Sobral, Fernando Landa; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http ://lattes. cnpq.br I 3 421 6 I 26283 1 683 0; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; Diaz, Margarita Patricia Florencio; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Bini, Luis Mauricio; Hartz, Sandra MariaThe diversity of species naturally inhabiting an insular location is ultimately snapeO Uy tne combined processes of colonization, speciation and extinction, and firstly by the set of environmental, ecological, historical and evolutionary factors that determine the interchange of these processes. However, the diversity of species currently inhabiting many islands around the globe is also shaped by the introduction process. Using the functional traits and phylogenetic relationships of bird species, we investigated how different natural and anthropogenic mechanisms have shaped the species diversity on different continental and oceanic islands distributed around the globe. In the first chapter, rve investigated whether the species introduction compensates for the ecological and evolutionary information lost following the species extinction. In general, we found that introduced species have ecological roles and evolutionary histories different from extinct species. This means that introductions truly do not compensate for extinctions. In the second chapter, we investigated whether biogeographic, environmental and anthropogenic factors can explain the proportion of introduced bird species across different islands, and what the impact of these introductions on the functional and phylogenetic diversity of assemblages. We found that the proportion of introduced bird species is negatively mediated by the native species richness, and positively by the human population size found across the islands. In addition, we found that the ecological selectivity observed in introductions of bird species has decreased the mean functional diversity, but not the mean phylogenetic diversity, among species occurring across the insular assemblages. This shows that ecological patterns do not always reflect evolutionary patterns observed among species. Finally, in the third chapter we accessed the functional distance among visitor bird species and resident bird species to investigate the colonization success of insulai locations. We found that when species occur as visitors across the islands, they show a higher functional distance to the nearest resident species than when they occur as residents. This indicites that the failure in the colonization process of insular locations increases with the functional distance to the nearest resident species, which corroborates the pre-adaptation to the environment hypothesis.