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Item Estratégia alimentar e densidade de estocagem para acarádisco (Symphysodon aequifasciata)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-05-29) BEERLI, Eduardo Lopes; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; SILVA, Paulo César; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162443606090063Four diets were tested to verify the effect of beef heart as feed enhancer for discus fish, studding the growth, weight gain, survivor, consumption, water quality and economic performance variables. Is was utilized 12 aquariums, distributed in 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were: T1- 100% ration (42%PB); T2- 75% ration and 25% beef heart; T3- 50% ration and 50% beef heart and T4- 25% ration and 75% beef heart. The diets were feed until fish s satiation, twice by day, at 8:00h and 17:00h. After each feed time, 40% of water was changed. Each aquarium contained 20 fishes, totalizing 240 discus fishes. The following water quality parameters were available: pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and ammonia. There wasn`t effect of treatments on survivor. The dry matter consumption was higher in 50% and 75% of beef heart diets, and better growth and weight gain were obtained, but 50% of beef heart were at a low price, and were considered the best diet. The relative condition factor (Kn) analysis indicate better body condition of fishes according beef heart was higher in tested diets. The economic performance shows that 75% of beef heart obtain lower cost index, but 50% of beef heart obtain higher partial liquid income. However beef heart diets turn water cloudy, the analyzed water quality parameters keep suitable for fishes. The conclusion is that beef heart is efficient as feed enhancer for discus fish and that 50% of beef heart with 50% of ration provide better performance and higher economic gain.Item Valor nutritivo do glicerol e comportamento ingestivo de vacas leiteiras periparturientes(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-12-06) CARVALHO, Eduardo Rodrigues de; LIMA, Milton Luiz Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7562710128026687; FERNANDES, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259The expansion of the biofuel industry has generated increased availability of glycerol, which can be used as an ingredient in the ration of dairy cows. This study aimed to determine the effects of glycerol on DMI, milk production, production of SCFA in the rumen, blood parameters, selective consumption and feeding behavior of dairy cows periparturientes. Twenty-six multiparous Holstein cows were paired according to performance in the previous lactation and expected date of calving and fed diets containing glycerol or high moisture corn from -28 to +56 DRDP. Glycerol was included in 11.5 and 10.8% of total DM in the diet pre-and post-partum respectively. CMS has not changed (P> 0.05) by feeding with glycerol both pre-partum (14.9 vs. 14.6 kg / day, vs control. glycerol) and the post-partum (19.8 vs. 20.7 kg / day, vs control. Glycerol), as well as production (35.8 vs. 37 kg / day, vs control. glycerol) and milk composition did not differ (P> 0.05) between treatments. The concentration of blood glucose was reduced (P <0.05, vs 59.1. 53.4 mg / dL vs control. glycerol) and ABHB blood was elevated (P <0.05, 0.58 vs. 0.82 mmol / L vs control. glycerol) in cows fed glycerol during pre-partum. The concentration of NEFA in the blood did not differ (P> 0.05) between experimental groups in the pre-partum, and no effect (P> 0.05) on the glycerol blood parameters during the postpartum period. The total concentration of SCFA in rumen (mmol / L) did not differ (P> 0.05) between treatments, but increased (P <0.05) in the molar proportion of propionate (22.7 vs. 28.6% vs control. Glycerol) and butyrate (11.5 vs. 15.3% vs control. glycerol) and reduced (P <0.05) in proportion molar acetate (61.5 vs. 51.5% vs control. glycerol) in cows fed with glycerol. In relation to the selective consumption and ingestive behavior, there increase (P <0.05) the rate of DMI (94.2 vs. MS 144.4 g / h vs. control. glycerol) and preferential consumption (9.2 vs. 17.8% vs control. glycerol) long particle with glycerol in the diet, but decreased (P <0.05) the rate of CMS short particles (383.8 vs. MS 332.5 g / h vs. control. glycerol) and very short (173.9 vs. MS 129.8 g / h vs. control. Glycerol) and increased (P <0.05) in rejecting short particles (42 vs. 37.3% vs control. glycerol) and very short (17.9 vs. 13.6% vs control. glycerol) during pre-partum. No effect (P> 0.05) of treatments on the selective use of particles of the diet in the postpartum period and also on the feeding behavior throughout the experimental period. The data obtained in this study indicated that replacing corn wet grain by glycerol in diets for dairy cows was periparturientes satisfactory.Item Análise multivariada de características que influenciam a tolerância ao calor em equinos, ovinos e bovinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-27) CASTANHEIRA, Marlos; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; PIMENTEL, Concepta Margaret Mcmanus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052239712915301Heat stress is a limiting factor in animal production in the tropics. The physical, physiological and hematological are often used to evaluate the adaptation of animals to heat. The objective was to perform multivariate analysis of physiological characteristic "tolerance to heat, horses, sheep and cattle in the Federal District, to determine whether measured characteristics were able to separate groups of animals and determine the most important variables in differentiating groups in the adaptation of animal heat. A total of 40 horses, 50 sheep and 90 cattle, all adults. The quantitative characters were subjected to multivariate statistical tests of cluster analysis and canonical discriminant. Analyses were performed in the Statistical Analysis System - SAS ® procedures using cluster stepdisc, cancorr and discrim. The dendrogram was able to separate and demonstrate the genetic distance between groups of animals analyzed. The canonical analysis separated the individuals into groups. The discriminant analysis identified the variables that are most important in adapting these to the heat in the Federal District, the conditions were in the polls.Item Enzimas fibrolíticas de Humicola grisea [manuscrito]: produção, caracterização e seus efeitos sobre a digestibilidade in vitro do capim Marandu, casquinha de soja, feno de Tifton 85 e forragem de milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-04-03) CYSNEIROS, Cristine dos Santos Settimi; FERREIRA, Reginaldo Nassar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2555785079833283; ULHOA, Cirano Jose; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277The objective of this work was to produce and characterize four multi enzyme complexes from the fungus Humicola grisea var. thermoidea, maintained for 96 hours at 42oC in growth media containing different carbon sources: Marandu grass; soybean seedcoats; Tifton 85 hay; and corn forage. Different amounts of cellulase, xylanase and -glucosidase enzymes were obtained depending on the different carbon sources. Cellulase presented increased activity in temperatures between 40ºC and 50ºC. The observed optimum temperature range for xylanase and β-glycosidase was from 50ºC and 60ºC. Optimum pH for cellulase activity was 6.0 when fungus growth occurred in Tifton hay, corn forage, and soybean seedcoats. When the enzyme was obtained from medium containing Marandu grass, optimum enzyme activity occurred at pH 5.5. Regardless of the carbon source, xylanase activity was higher at pH 6.0. As for β-glucosidase, optimum activity was observed at pH 5.5 for Tifton media as compared to pH 6.5 for corn and soybean containing media. For grass Marandu, the activity of the enzyme was maximum in the range 5.5 to 6.5. Cellulase produced from all growth media were maintained stable after incubation for 60 minutes at 39°C. Xylanase presented thermal stability during 240 minute incubation period at 50°C. Activity stability of β-glycosidase varied according to carbon source and presented 66.7 to 125.75% activity at 50°C for 240 minutes.Item Adição de água em rações para suínos em crescimento e terminação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-05-21) FARIAS, Leonardo Atta; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; SILVA, Paulo César; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162443606090063; NUNES, Romão da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4335133347523404In this research, three experiments were conducted. The first and the second ones were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding water to mash rations on nutrient digestibility, energy performance, water intake and excrement quality of pigs at the growing and finishing phases(the evaluation of carcass traits was performed), respectively. Finally, a last experiment was carried out to evaluate the proliferation of fungi in the diets of finishing pigs with different levels of water addition and at different storage times. The variables analyzed in the first two experiments were nutrients and energy digestibility and metabolism, nitrogen balance, moisture rate, fecal nitrogen and phosphorus, and performance variables. For the second trial, the carcass traits were also evaluated after slaughtering. In the third experiment, the number of fungal colony-forming units in the diets was evaluated with and without the use of antifungal and at different storage times. The addition of water to pig diets at growing-finishing phases does not influence the apparent nutrient digestibility, or the performance of the animals when they are fed twice a day. There is a reduction of fresh water intake, and of phosphorus excretion. Carcass composition was not affected. The addition of water to the diets of pigs in the finishing phase increases the production of fungi over storage time.Item Histomorfometria testicular e sua associação com a qualidade seminal em machos nelore(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-12-21) FERRAZ, Henrique Trevizoli; VIU, Marco Antônio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7829414158162743; PÔRTO, Regiani Nascimento Gagno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6367040339353532; OLIVEIRA FILHO, Benedito Dias de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6171669841505540Item EFEITO DA ESTRUTURA DOS DADOS SOBRE AS ESTIMATIVAS DE (CO)VARIÂNCIAS DE PESO À DESMAMA EM BOVINOS DE CORTE, USANDO DADOS SIMULADOS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-27) FERREIRA, Jorge Luís; BORJAS, Arcadio de Los Reyes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1168660493778765The objective was to evaluate the effects of the year (sample size, genealogy and data structure), mother-offspring link proportion (mother-offspring pairs, both with weaning weights), inclusion (M2) or not (M1) of the genetic direct-maternal covariance in the model, the direct-maternal correlation (C) magnitude and the direct and maternal genetic variance ratio (R) on the (co)variance estimates on weaning weight of beef cattle. The effects of the correlation (C) and variance ratio (R) were significant on the estimate of direct genetic variance ( ) (P<0,05, P<0,001, respectively), maternal genetic variance ( ) (P<0,001) and direct-maternal genetic covariance ( ) (P<0,001). The year influenced significantly (P<0,01) the estimates of and was not significant on and . The effect of the mother-offspring link proportion (E) was significant (P<0,0001) on the estimate of , , , and , being not significant on . In the model with zero direct-maternal covariance, and were underestimated when the direct-maternal correlation was negative, and overestimated when it was positive. Accurate and precise estimates of genetic variances and covariances of traits under maternal effect deserve detailed study and intensified, since these estimates may be influenced by the nature and composition of data, direct-maternal genetic correlation model used and applied. However, these facts may contribute to mistaken conclusions that are not referenced. These results are indicatives of the potential reliability and accuracy of the estimates on real data, although it is known that its magnitudes may differ, due to additional bias, like inherent errors of data gathering process and information flow from the herds.Item Granulometria de grãos em rações para frangos Label Rouge(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-22) GODOY, Heloisa Baleroni Rodrigues de; MASCARENHAS, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; RODRIGUES, Kênia Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5180233397332953; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289To determine the nutritional value of corn, millet and sorghum in different sizes for broiler chickens, Label Rouge, animal performance and development of the digestive organs, experiments were performed in the areas of Poultry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG) and the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT). We evaluated the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AME) in the dry and natural, the coefficients metabolism of nutrients, animal performance up to 28 days and the biometrics of the digestive organs of broiler type rustic Red Label line with diets based on corn, millet and sorghum in different sizes For the determination of AME and AME of grains, we used the method of excreta collection of chickens 14 days old were distributed in a completely randomized in two experimental trials, using 60% reference diet and 40% of food test. The AME values of dry matter of coarsely ground corn, finely ground corn, millet grain, finely ground millet, sorghum grain, sorghum grain sorghum thick and finely ground, were 3530, 3445, 3617, 3586, 3295, 3156 and 3024 kcal / kg, respectively and the values of the AME 3273, 3200, 3352, 3372, 3137, 3147 and 2.967kcal/kg natural matter, respectively. The coefficient of metabolism of nutrients improved with increased particle size, except for sorghum integer that showed the worst. The metabolizable energy was higher for sorghum grain and did not change for maize and millet for broilers Label Rouge. For the performance parameters, we used 300 animals during the early stage of development (1 to 28 days) in a completely randomized design and for morphometric measurements so sacrificed at 28 days, one animal per repetition, totaling 30 animals. Except for finely ground corn that showed the worst performance results, all other treatments were satisfactory, with millet grain made the best economic feasibility of its use. The rations provided in different sizes, showed that particle size influenced the consumption, the balance of dry matter and nitrogen and the coefficient of metabolism of nutrients and energy from seven to ten days of maize and sorghum and improved the AME values of millet. 17 to 24 days old animals fed grain sorghum had greater retention of dry matter and nitrogen. It is recommended that the pearl millet grain for chickens like hillbilly Label Rouge until 28 days old, as the treatments used showed little effect of particle size on performance and organ development and grain millet showed the best economic indicators proved to be a grain that can be delivered worldwide from day-old chicks for Label RougeItem EFEITOS DA INCLUSÃO DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS INSATURADOS NO SUPLEMENTO DE VACAS PRIMÍPARAS ZEBUÍNAS SOBRE O DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO E REPRODUTIVO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-26) GODOY, Marcelo Marcondes de; PADUA, João Teodoro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375Were used primiparous cows, zebuine, calved than received in the postpartum period, low intake isoenergetic supplements, in pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, with twenty cows per treatment in a randomized design, where FA: the low intake supplement (LIS) with inclusion of protected fat, CO: LIS with the inclusion of meal corn and MS: only mineral supplement. Evaluated the body weight of cows (BW) of calves (BWC) and body condition score (BCS) of cows inthe postpartum period, at every 28 days, effect of sex of calf in the BW medium (BWm) and in the BCS medium (BCSm) of cows, the average daily weight gain of cows (ADWG) and calves (ADWGC) and pregnancy rate (PR). The supplementation increased the BW of the cows in FA and CO without difference between them (P> 0.05), already the MI did not differ from SM de108 to 136 days postpartum (P> 0.05). The BWC of FA and CO did not differ (P> 0.05) among them and were higher (P <0.05) than the MS 108 until 192 days postpartum, and heavier at weaning. The cows of FA had BCS higher (P <0.05) than the other treatments from 80 to 192 days postpartum. The ADWG of FA and CO did not differ among them (P> 0.05) and were higher than SM (P <0.05). The ADWGC of FA and CO were similar (P> 0.06), and higher than SM (P <0.06). Cows that nursing males had lower BWm and BCSm that those nursing females (P <0.05). The cows of FA had higher PR (P <0.01)Item EFEITO DO GRUPO GENÉTICO E PESO DE ABATE NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DA CARCAÇA E QUALIDADE DA CARNE DE CORDEIROS CONFINADOS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-12-15) LANDIM, Aline Vieira; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; LOUVANDINI, Helder; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3996385621553357; PIMENTEL, Concepta Margaret Mcmanus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052239712915301Sheep rearing is becoming an important economic activity, where it is necessary to establish the ideal slaughter weight per genetic group and sex to acheive standardized carcasses which meet customer needs in terms of product quality.This experiment evaluated the effect of genetic group and slaughter weight on carcass traits and meat quality in lambs. Twenty four Santa Ines (SI), 24 ½ Ile de France x ½ Santa Inês (ILE x SI) and 8 ½ Texel x ½ Santa Inês (TE x SI), slaughtered at different weights (30, 35, 40 and 45 kg ) were used.Eye rib area and fat thickness were measured in vivo and on the carcass. After a 16 hour food and water fast the animals were slaughtered conventionally and the carcasses placed in a cold chamber at 4ºC/24h. pH was measured at slaughter and after 24h as were subjective measurements on the Longissimus dorsi. A section of the rib region from the 11th to 13th ribs of the left side of the carcass was used for tissue and fractional composition, physic-chemical parameters and fatty acid composition. The experiment was in a 3 x 2 x 4 factorial design. For physic-chemical and fatty acids a 3 x 4 factorial and analysed using CORR (Correlation), REG (Regression) and Duncan (5%) means test in SAS ®. Genetic group did not influence (P>0.05) means for rib eye area or fat thickness measured by ultrasound or paquimeter. These measurements increased with slaughter weight. Tissue composition was influenced by genetic group and slaughter weight (P<0.05). The Texel x Santa Inês had most muscle (63.75 g), fat (53.75 g), bone (29.37 g) and edible portion (78.75%) at 35 and 45 kg . Slaughter weight centesimal composition, with an increase in total lipids as weight increased. No significant differences were found for final pH between genetic groups and slaughter weights. Genetic group did not influence colour (3.32), shear force (3.57 kgf) or loss in cooking (24.05%) of the Longissimus dorsi, but slaughter weight affected these, causing stronger colour, tougher meat and greater loss in cooking as slaughter weight increased. Significant differences were found in the sensorial traits of the meat with different genetic groups and slaughter weights. The fatty acids found included oleic (43%); palmitic (22%) and estearico (18%). Higher quantities of desirable fatty acids were found in the Texel x Santa Inês (66.78%) group. Slaughter weight caused a significant difference (P<0.05) in the fatty acid profile of saturated and polyunsaturated fats.Item Estudo genético quantitativo de características andrológicas e de carcaça, medidas in vivo por ultrassonografia, em touros da raça nelore, utilizando inferência bayesiana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-01-13) LOPES, Dyomar Toledo; FARIA, Carina Ubirajara de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1450477933076941; MAGNABOSCO, Claudio de Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187The objective of this study to estimate genetic parameters of traits indicative of male reproductive performance of Nellore to identify the best selection criteria for sperm quality, and check existence of genetic associations among carcass traits, obtained in vivo by ultrasound, and features andrologic. We obtained a measure of scrotal circumference (SC), we calculated the mean testicular volume (VTM), the average testicular weight (PTM), the testicular form (FORM) and has been evaluating the morphology of 1265 Nellore with a mean age of 21 months , animals were classified as suitable or immature (reproductive fitness - AR). There has been assessing housing in vivo by ultrasound, resulting in measures eye area (REA), backfat thickness (EG) and subcutaneous fat thickness in the rump (P8). To estimation of genetic parameters used the Bayesian inference using the software THRGIBBS1F90. The results suggest that selection for PE would not be effective in obtaining genetic gain for semen quality, and in view of its positive association, but of low magnitude, with the seminal qualitative-quantitative aspects. Among all traits, the VTM, PTM and FORM would be more suitable for use as selection criteria when the goal is to achieve genetic progress for semen quality of Nelore bulls because they have a moderate heritability and correlation favorably with the percentage of sperm defects. It is further argued that there are favorable correlated response between reproductive traits and substrate studied, allowing simultaneous genetic progressItem Objetivos E Critérios De Seleção Para Dois Sistemas De Criação De Caprinos Leiteiros No Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-05) LOPES, Fernando Brito; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; PIMENTEL, Concepta Margaret Mcmanus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052239712915301The objectives and selection criteria used for dairy goats in Brazil are determined empirically. Brazil has climate, soil and environmental diversity, as well as distinct socioeconomic and political realities, producing distinctions among the political administrative regions of the country. The aim of this study was to obtain spatial distribution of physical, climatic and socioeconomic aspects that best discriminate the Brazilian dairy goats production, identifying the characteristics of higher socio-economic relevance for intensive or semi-intensive rearing of dairy goats, derive economic weights for selection objectives and propose selection indices whose criteria are easy to be collected by breeders of dairy goats in Brazil. The spatial analysis was performed using local climatic variables, physical and socioeconomic. The selection objectives were defined by their relative economic importance to farming systems. The economic value of each characteristic was calculated as the difference between the average profit before and after the upgrade, after increasing by 1% each feature, keeping the average remaining unchanged. It was proposed eight selection indices. The traits included in each indice were: I and V indices, milk production (MP) and lactation length (LL); II and VI indices, MP, LL, and age at first calving (AFC); III and VII indices, MP , LL, AFC and calving interval (CI) and IV and VIII indices, MP, LL, AFC, CI, somatic cell count (SCC) and total solids (TS). To test the selection indices were simulated dairy goats herds using selection intensities of 10%, 25% and 50%. For each herd, were simulated MP, LL, AFC, CI, SCC and TS. To compare the means was used the Tukey test (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed distinctions between the Brazilian Regions. Climatic factors were most important for discrimination between the regions of Brazil. Thus, animal breeding programs should be implemented according to the specificities of each region. The average profit of the semi-intensive system was higher than the intensive system, R $ 0.18 and $ 0.14, respectively. Productive and reproductive traits were improved by selecting animals for PL, DL, IPP and IDP simultaneously. Having differentiated payment for milk of better quality, for the levels of EST and SCC, we suggest the use of indices with these selection criteria. The choice and use of these indices depend on the definition of the objectives of selection and ease of measurement of selection criteria to be used.Item Suplementação de glutamina em dietas iniciais para frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-25) LOPES, Karina Ludovico de Almeida Martinez; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012The objective of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of glutamine in the diet on performance, digestibility of nutrients and integrity of the intestinal mucosa of broiler chicks. Were conducted three experiments at the Veterinary School of the University Federal of Goias, using broiler chicks, male, with one day of age. In Experiment I and II was evaluated the supplementation of glutamine for chicks subjected to challenges of different intensities with Eimeria acervulina or Eimeria ssp, and in Experiment III evaluated the effect of supplementation of glutamine on diets containing ingredients of animal origin. The performance was determinated by weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate and viability. The digestibility of nutrients was assessed with determination of digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract. The intestinal integrity was assessed by the villus height, crypt depth and villus:crypt ratio of the small intestine. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and for the levels of glutamine was used polynomial regression. In Experiment I after the challenge with Eimeria, were observed better digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and ether extract with glutamine supplementation on 1.0% (P<0.05). For the results of histomorphometry at 14 days of age it was beneficial effect with the supplementation on 1.0% of glutamine (P<0.05) in the villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum. When challenged, the birds presented better results for villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum at 21 days of age, and in the duodenum and ileum at 28 days of age, when fed 1.0% of glutamine in the ration. In Experiment II the glutamine supplementation did not increase the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and fat on the period of this study. Nevertheless there was significant regression for the digestibility for the second period. On 21 days and 28 days of age the challenged birds showed bigger villus height and crypt depth when the birds was supplemented with 1,0% of glutamine on diet. In Experiment III there was positive quadratic effect (P<0,05) for the crude protein coefficient of digestibility with the increasing levels of glutamine in the ration. The birds belonged to the supplemented groups with glutamine presented better results (P<0,05) for villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum compared to the non-supplemented group. The level of 1,0% of glutamine in the diet presented recovery in the integrity of the small intestine on challenged birds, improving the coefficient of crude protein digestibility of the diet. The utilization of ingredients from animal source in diets for broilers in the initial phase did not harm the performance of chicksItem Integração lavoura pecuária: efeitos no solo, na forragem, modelagem e simulação econômica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-30) MUNIZ, Luciano Cavalcante; TROVO, Jose Benedito de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6845410093578237; MADARI, Beata Emoke; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0302689027695014; FRANCA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327When approaching the crop-livestock integration (CLI) theme, the present thesis had as one of its main objectives to evaluate the alterations in the soil-plantanimal- environment components exercised by the crop and pasture rotation dynamics in crop and livestock integration system. Two adjacent areas, one representing the natural environment (original cerrado vegetation) and other the degraded pastures served as reference ( control ) to the inferences performed. The experiment was performed at a 92 ha area, divided into six paddocks of approximately 15 ha, where the annual crops and pastures rotation was made. The soil samplings were collected at the 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm layers. There was an increase in the carbon contents of the microbial biomass, in the microbial quotient and in the organic matter on the soil and reduction in the metabolic quotient at the pastures chronological sequence environments, at the crop-livestock integration system, in comparison with the degraded pasture. The different pastures stages within the crop-livestock integration system stocked the average of 17,67 Mg ha-1 carbon more than the degraded pasture up to a 50 cm depth. The Cerrado contained the most carbon stock and the degraded pasture the least among all the environments studied. There was a significant decrease in the phosphor and potassium contents in relation to the pasture age increase and an increase in the calcium and magnesium contents. Micronutrients contents among the treatments evaluated presented values above the demand for capim- Marandu. The capim-Marandu samplings were performed in five different seasons of the year (winter, beginning and end of spring, summer and autumn). Quantitative and qualitative alterations at the forage were observed during the experimental period. Changes on the structural components green leaf, green stem and dead material, as well as on DM (Dry Matter), GP (Gross Protein), TDN (Total Digestive Nutrients) and FND (Fiber in Neutral Detergent) contents, among others, characterized the forage on the different periods. The qualitative variations among the forages are of high magnitude, being outlined the significant drop on GP (Gross Protein) and TDN (Total Digestive Nutrients) contents according to the pasture maturity development. All pastures chronological sequence treatments, after 2,5 years of crop, resulted in favorable evaluations, having P1 treatment as the best investment option with NPV (Net Present Value) equals to R$144,34 followed by P2 treatment with R$112,61 and P3 with R$58,54, indicating to be a favorable Project. There is indication on the present work that the biggest loss in relation to the obtained economic advantages happens already from the second year after the pastures establishment. Such results may constitute important implications at CLI systems planning. Carbon bonus at pasture based animal production system may be a financial incentive for the producer to join the pastures rotation with annual crops. Nevertheless it is necessary that studies are performed to quantify emissions of gases responsible for greenhouse in order to verify whether the result represents a bonus or an environmental onus to the producer.Item Caracterização socioeconômica da comunidade quilombola kalunga e proposta de reintrodução do bovino curraleiro como alternativa de geração de renda(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-13) NEIVA, Ana Cláudia Gomes Rodrigues; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257The Kalunga community is the largest remaining quilombo community the Center West of Brazil. The objective of this study was to characterize the social and economic aspects and production systems of the Kalunga of Cavalcante community located in the micro-region Chapada dos Veadeiros, in the northeast of Goiás. Data was obtained from primary sources, such as direct interviews with 18 families of the Community and with the leaders of the Kalunga of Cavalcante Association. The main crops cultivated by the families are corn, cassava, pumpkin, rice and beans. Regarding animal production, the families keep cattle for milk, as well as chickens and swine destined mainly for autoconsumption. The families gross income is made up of autoconsumption and income obtained from the sale of agricultural products, retirement pensions, wives´ salaries, social programs and other income from temporary activities outside the family unit. The families in the community face several problems, especially the lack of basic services and infrastructure, such as sanitation, health centers, schools, roads and also problems related to the agrarian issue. Thus, it is necessary that works developed in this community take these problems into account, considering the viewpoint of residents on their reality and the economic activities to be implemented through development programs, value their identity and knowledge as well as guarantee their participation in the search for better living conditions.Item Desempenho zootécnico de duas linhagens de Tilápia-do-Nilo sob diferentes densidades de estocagem em raceway(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-04-30) OLIVEIRA, Raquel Priscila de Castro; FIUZA, Tatiana Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9089616165756975; SILVA, Paulo César; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162443606090063This study was developed in order to analyze productive performance, economic evaluation, bromotological composition of fish fillet, body components percentage and glucose level of two of Nile tilapia strains (chitralada and supreme) in three stocking densities (90, 120 and 150 fish/m3) in the raceway system. This work was carried out at the Fish Culture Sector from Universidade Federal de Goias. A total of 1,440 Nile tilapia fingerlings were produced in 24 polyethylene water tanks, adapted to raceway system. Each experimental unit had individual pipe for water supply and flow was regulated to allow total exchange every 30 minutes, regardless of stocking density. The animals were fed three times a day with commercial extruded ration, ad libitum, seven days a week. The design was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement and four replications. The results were submitted to variance analysis and, in cases of statistical variance, to the Tukey test (5%). After the all variables analysis, it was concluded that both strains presented positive characteristics for production in Goias State in raceway system. Supreme strain, in higher water density, is the one recommended by this study due to greater profitability, and to positive performance aspects.Item Antioxidante na viabilidade do sêmen equino congelado e refrigerado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-04-18) OLIVEIRA, Rodrigo Arruda de; TEIXEIRA, Pedrinho Paes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1003192087990566; MEIRINHOS, Maria Lúcia Gambarini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701In the equine world is increasing the use of frozen semen and cooled due to the recent release of its use for most of breeders' associations. However, the fertility of frozen semen is still low and this hinders their widespread use. The objective was to evaluate the effect In vitro addition of glutathione on sperm concentrations in five of 12 stallions in different protocols of freezing, and I Experiment (EI): automated freezing immediately after harvest and Experiment II (EII): automated freezing (MRI) and manual (RG) after passive cooling 24 h at 16 ° C. The variables assessed were total and progressive motility, vigor, plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal. The addition of glutathione in concentration of 2.5 mM in the midst of freezing preserves the total motility, significantly increases the motility and integrity of plasma membrane, both for semen frozen immediately after harvesting and for the refrigerated and frozen manually. Concentrations exceeding 2.5 mM were deleterious to sperm in different freezing protocols, with or without passive cooling. In chapter 3 aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the addition of cysteine and glutathione in seven treatments on sperm from 12 stallions in protocol passive cooling to 16 ° C for 36h. The variables assessed were total motility and progressive force and plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal in seven different times (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36h). For discussion of data were taken into account only the values of the moments 1, 3, 5 and 7 (0, 12, 24 and 36h). The concentration of 1.0 mM cysteine was more effective in protection of sperm cells in the trading system of the passive cooling 16 º C for 36h, with higher values of motility and membrane integrity.Item Proteína bruta, energia digestível e densidade de estocagem do ciclídeo ornamental acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-05-29) OLIVEIRA, Wallace Henrique de; SILVA, Paulo César; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162443606090063In order to increase the knowledge on the production of angelfish ornamental cichlids (Pterophyllum scalare), two experiments were conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnia of the UFT, Araguaína /TO, between october 2008 and january 2009, using 400 angelfish juveniles. Each experiment had a duration of 42 days, with fish divided into 16 aquariums, fed ad libitum, room temperature, 20% daily water renewal. The work was organized in a factorial scheme 2x2, with: two levels of crude protein (CP, 29 and 32%) and two angelfish strains (gold and marmorate), with 160 juveniles from 350+4.0 mg in design randomized blocks, in the first experiment; two levels of digestible energy (DE, 2.9 and 3.4 Mcal / kg) and two stocking rate (10 or 20 fish/aquarium), with 240 fishes of 260+4.2 mg in a completely randomized design in the second. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. Weight gain (WG), apparent feed intake (AFI), food conversion rate (FCR), protein efficiency rate (PER), specific growth rate in weight (WSGR) and length (LSGR), Fulton condition factor and carcass composition were avaliated. It was found that the levels of CP did not differ in the parameters studied (P>0.05) and the marmorate strain was more efficient than gold strain by presenting best means of WG, AFI, FCR, PER, WSGR, LSGR (P<0.05). Also, fish fed 3.4 Mcal of DE/kg showed better means WG, AFI, FCR, PER, WSGR and LSGR (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in parameters of growth, consumption and conversion between the stocking rate (p>0.05). It was concluded that angelfish juveniles have similar performance when fed with 29 or 32% CP and better in the diets with 3.4 Mcal of DE/kg than with 2.9 Mcal/kg. Also, marmorate strain was better than gold strain and at this stage of development, can be created in stocking rate of one fish for every three liters of water, with 20% of daily water renewalItem Avaliação genética de bovinos Nelore para pesos até a desmama sob modelos com diferentes estruturas de grupos de contemporâneos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-07-08) PÁSCOA, Lillian; PIMENTEL, Concepta Margaret Mcmanus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052239712915301; BORJAS, Arcadio de Los Reyes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1168660493778765Data from 72,731 Nelore calves were used to estimate (co)variances and predict breeding values for actual and adjusted weight for 120 and 210 days of age using different contemporary group structures. Males and females calves born from 1985 to 2005 belonging to 40 herds participating in the Nelore Brasil Program were analysed. Ten models were used including five different contemporary group (GC) structures, judged by coefficient of determination, residual variance and by the Akaike (AIC), Bayesian (BIC) and modified Akaike (CAIC) information criteria. The GLM procedure of SAS was used to carry out the analyses. All effects in the model were significant (P<0.001) for the traits analyzed. The inclusion of semester or trimester of birth in the composition of GC was more appropriate than when it was estimated independently as this took into account interactions with the other effects in the GC. Sex of calf (SB) and age of cow at calving (CIVP) had similar effects across models suggesting independence from other effects in these models. In all models, the effect of age of the calf was greater than the other effects tested. The use of actual weights in models without SB in GC allowed for better genetic connectivity between GC, and higher accuracy in the genetic evaluations. The estimates of (co)variance and genetic parameters were similar among models but the information criteria (BIC, CAIC) indicated that the most adequate model considered GC as a random effect, constituted by the effects of herd, year of birth, management group and the effect of trimester of birth with the effect of calf sex independent from GC. For each model animals were classified by their genetic value (VG), subdivided into categories (animals without progeny, bulls and cows). For both weights (actual and adjusted) VG were similar considering contemporary group as fixed or random, with sex included or not in its composition and with greater differences between models with actual and adjusted weights. Accuracy was similar among compared models within each category, bulls having more accurate VG predictions than cows. Spearman correlation coefficients for animal rank using direct and maternal VGs and simple (Pearson) correlations for accuracies among different models were all high and significant (P<0.001) with the greatest difference observed comparing models with actual and adjusted weights. For bulls, the classification of individuals with actual weights in models with random GC was more adequate. Removal of animals without adjusted weights or in contemporary groups with less than five individuals would lead to the elimination of animals which would contribute to the genetic gain in the population.Item Fontes de fósforo na produção e composição bromatológica de cultivares de milheto forrageiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-04-12) PAUSE, Alzira Gabriela da Silva; MIYAGI, Eliane Sayuri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5838290185532582; OLIVEIRA, Euclides Reuter de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2631783432021093; FRANCA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327The dry matter yield and quality aspects of forage millet are still poorly understood, as well as specific information handled by this grass and nitrogen fertilization. Experiment was conducted to evaluate the productive potential and chemical composition of the dry mass of three cultivars of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) (ADR-7010, ADR- 500 and BRS-1501), submitted to sources of phosphorus (superphosphate and fused), nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 160 kg ha-¹) in the form of urea in three cuts in the UFG / Goiânia-GO . The experimental design was completely factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 4 with four replications. The parameters evaluated were dry matter production (DMP) of the whole plant, while the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were determined for the whole plant and its fractions (leaf and stem). Only the whole plant was given the apparent conversion efficiency of nitrogen (NACS), apparent nitrogen recovery (NAR) and nitrogen accumulated in the plant (NA) and protein fractions (A, B1, B2, B3 and C). All tests were accomplished using the SAS program (2007). Statistical analysis revealed no significant interactions between the variables studied in this way, these were discussed in isolation. Among the evaluated cultivars the highest yield (P <0.05) was the cultivar ADR-7010 (1175 kg ha-1 DM). The increment of N increases in production. NA increased with the increase of N rates with maximum value of 42.70 kg. The NACS and RAN decreased with the addition of the nutrient, with a peak of 10.77 kg ha-1 and 33.44%. The DM content of whole plant and leaf differed (P <0.05) and stem fraction only differed among genotypes. The CP content of whole plant did not differ (P> 0.05), but increased with the succession of cuts. The leaf blade was no difference (P <0.05) reduction of CP in terms of cuts. The CP concentration of stem ranged from 8.90% to 14.04%. ADF whole plant increased due to the succession of cuts and leaf blade varied between the cultivars, the highest contents of ADF were found in the stem. The NDF in the whole plant did not differ between the N levels, however all values were below 60%. The greatest amount recorded in the leaf was 63.81%. The higher NDF were identified in the stem fraction (55.54% to 68.03%). The contents of HEM differ between courts and for all plant cultivars and their fractions. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) for the nitrogen fractions among all treatments. The contents determined for fraction C were all lower than 10%. Cultivar ADR-7010 showed the best results as well as the source superphosphate. The sources of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization influenced the parameters.