Índice de Privação Territorial em Unidade de Conservação (IPTUC): análise integrada do território e da saúde de comunidades rurais que coexistem com unidades de conservação

Abstract

The connection between territory and health is an issue that requires a multidimensional research approach and has been increasingly debated by studies carried out along the lines of Health Geography. Understanding the impacts of implementing Conservation Units in already inhabited territories is essential for analyzing the health of local populations and understanding how territorial management can make a community vulnerable or increase its strength. This research has as its main objective the creation of an index capable of analyzing the territorial deprivation of rural communities that resid in territories converted into Conservation Units, in this case, in the APA and PARNA Cavernas do Peruaçu. The research is composed by three complementary scales and times that were worked on in accordance with specific objectives, namely: the investigation of the historical process in which the occupation of the region (Peruaçu river basin) where the studied communities are located took place; the analysis of how communities are understood in the Management Plan of the National Park and APA Cavernas do Peruaçu, bringing a legal approach in relation to the use and possession of the territory and its possible consequences for the communities; the characterization of the territory and communities of Fabião I and Retiro, bringing a perspective of what is consolidated in the throbbing daily life; and the creation of the Territorial Deprivation Index in Conservation Units (IPTUC). This case study was based on bibliographical research, document analysis, primary data collecting, descriptive observation, interviews, descriptive and conclusive statistics. In the interviews and application of the semi-structured questionnaire, study variables were investigated, such as: education level, income, age, family composition, housing quality, eating habits, environmental conditions, access to health/basic sanitation, belonging, power ratio, coexistence with the drought and finally the respondents' relationship with the Cavernas do Peruaçu Park and Environmental Protection Area. The thesis is that the result of the Territorial Deprivation Index in Conservation Unit (IPTUC) in the Retiro community will present lower results in relation to the Fabião I community due to the legal use and restrictive territorial management imposed after the creation of PARNA Cavernas from Peruaçu.