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Item A apresentação da pergunta sobre o ser e a significação de “ser” no início de Ser e tempo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-31) Santos, Marcos Crispim; Ribeiro, Silvio Carlos Marinho; Ribeiro, Silvio Carlos Marinho; Morais, Júlia Sebba RamalhoIn the development of my monograph I will seek a way to understand the presentation of the question about Being and the meaning of Being at the beginning of Being and Time. I intend to outline the way in which Heidegger develops, at the beginning of Being and Time, the need to return once more to the problem of being. From this analysis of being and the opening of Dasein to being. According to Heidegger, even so, the lack of an answer to the question about the sense and meaning of being is due to the fact that the question has been forgotten. According to Heidegger even the question itself is obscure and needs a more adequate explanation. Therefore, it is necessary to resume the question and rephrase the question for the meaning of being. For it is necessary to clarify the question of being under a new direction.Item Contribuições filosóficas do programa filosofia para crianças de Matthew Lipman(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-11-09) Pinto, Norberto Ferreira; Carvalho, Ricardo Delgado de; Carvalho, Ricardo Delgado de; Leal, Guilherme de FreitasWhen we talk about philosophy, immediately comes to mind, people who has a sophisticated intellect, but who are these people? We always think of people who are in the habit of reading, reflecting, investigating and going into the field, that is, we imagine an individual who has a certain maturity to know how to deal with controversial situations and the withdrawal of decisions. Philosophy is a field of knowledge that helps those who study, in the way it supports, verifies and seeks the veracity of concepts and arguments in a clear, objective, logical and rational way. Therefore, I return to the begging of this text, with a question: why children are not seen and considered capable of philosophizing? It is evident that there was, and perhaps still has, a certain prejudiced attitude throughout the history of philosophy, which despises children's intellect to do philosophy. For this reason, we will analyze and run through Matthew Lipman's philosophical thinking through the Philosophy for Children program. Highlighting his contributions, especially philosophical, seeking theoretical support for the development and strengthening of higher-order reflective thinking in the cultivating and perfecting cognitive skills. Thereby, legalizing the efficiency of the program to start as children in philosophy. Throughout the study, we analyzed other theorists and thinkers who explored the theme of philosophy for children in the attempt to ensure that a philosophy when elaborated with / for a child contributes to individual and collective formation, in particular to reflective thinking of a higher order autonomously. They also make it clear that this is not a doutrination, but a study path that comprises the unknown and the known, as something that can be improved, as they are subject to re-examination and learning. We will investigate Lipman's pedagogical and philosophical program in its general appearance, presenting the components of its structure. Therefore, the path of this investigative study is that the contributions of the Philosophy for Children program by Matthew Lipman, facilitating the formation of the child's subject as it works with concepts related to morality, ethics, citizenship, law, politics, perception , investigation, judgment, reasoning, democracy, education and others. Therefore, themes that involve an individual's [of the child] sociopolitical educational structure.Item O desenvolvimento do espírito subjetivo e o conceito de consciência na filosofia do espírito de Hegel(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-09-08) Brito, Ingrid Talissa Barbosa de; Morais, Júlia Sebba Ramalho; Morais, Júlia Sebba Ramalho; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Martins, Felipe AssunçãoThis work seeks to understand and expose the concept of "Spirit" within Hegel's philosophy. It will be observed how the spirit relates to nature in the process of its self-development and how this contributes to its self-knowledge, based on the paragraphs contained in the Philosophy of Spirit, where we find Hegel's studies on the Subjective Spirit and, in this context, we will explain how consciousness is located within the subjectivity of the spirit. The main objective is to analyze and recognize how the process of emergence of consciousness takes place and all its development as such, as well as as self-consciousness and its relationship with other self-consciousnesses - that will result in the genesis of a possible engine of State construction and relations social. In order to do so, we will base ourselves on the Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences (1830), more precisely on the Introduction and parts of the first section of the Philosophy of Spirit, where we will find specific information about the Subjective Spirit.Item A disciplina em Michel Foucault: o panóptico enquanto mecanismo disciplinar(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-11-04) Carvalho, Marcos Paulo Paes; Oliveira, Cícero Josinaldo da Silva; Oliveira, Cícero Josinaldo da Silva; Leal, Guilherme de Freias; Lopes, Adriana DelbóThis work emerges from a philosophical research made from the work Discipline and Punish (1975) by Michel Foucault (1926-1984). Initially, the study presents the modern diagnosis made by Foucault about the disciplinary power and the way in which the exercise of this power can generate different effects on individuals and societies. Starting from the understanding of the purpose of the discipline and extending ourselves to the analysis of panoptism, we discuss the centrality of this type of power in the formation of modern societies and the role of the Panoptic device as a disciplinary mechanism. In addition to examining the importance of panoptism in the formation of "disciplinary societies" we indicate a possible field of its influence on contemporary power relations.Item Do suplício ao cárcere: inflexão das práticas punitivas segundo Foucault(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-17) Nascimento, Hyanael Andrade de Freitas; Oliveira, Cícero Josinaldo da Silva; Oliveira, Cícero Josinaldo da Silva; Morais, Júlia Sebba Ramalho; Castanheira, Marcela Alves de Araújo FrançaThe present work aims to discuss, from the Foucauldian philosophy, the problem of power relations with a focus on the genealogy of punitive practices present in the work Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison. The careful and systematic investigation of the political ceremonial of torture aims to understand the particularity of this punitive system and aims, at the same time, to establish a contrast with the innovations of disciplinary practices established in conjunction with prison. Finally, having established the general framework of changes in modern punitive power, we will seek to analyze Foucault's understanding according to which prison operates as a kind of laboratory or an “exhaustive disciplinary apparatus”; the exemplary form of power exercised over individuals in the so-called “classical modernity”.Item A dúvida radical e as provas da existência de Deus nas meditações metafísicas de Descartes(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-09-02) Ribeiro, Elisvaldo da Silva; Morais, Júlia Sebba Ramalho; Morais, Júlia Sebba Ramalho; Lima, José JivaldoThe objective of this monograph is to analyze the question of Cartesian doubt, the discovery of the cogito, and the proofs of the existence of God, which Descartes exposes in the course of his meditations. All our research is based on the work Metaphysical meditations, which deals with fundamental methods which allow us to reach a rational and true knowledge about the proof of the existence of God. Our work is divided into three chapters; the first chapter is ained at explaining the method of doubt. Using this method, Descartes manages to get rid of all knowledge, which he once considered constant and true. In the second chapter, we talk about how Descartes exposes the radicalization of doubt, which started his search for an indubitable and true knowledge. From the supposition of the existence of an evil genius, that is, a deceiving god, Descartes manages to discover the cogito (I think therefore I am), the first constant truth within his meditations, the first truth in the order of reasons, soon after comes the wax argument, which allows Descartes to prove that the human spirit is easier to know than material substances. In the third chapter, we approach the central theme of our monograph, the proof of the existence of God. In this chapter we speak like Descartes, demonstrates his proof of the existence of God, we also make a parallel with the proof of the existence of God, proposed by Thomas Aquinas, and what is the relationship that exists with the proof proposed in Cartesian philosophy. We end our work by exposing the principle of cause and effect that will be fundamental in the construction of the cosmological proof of the existence of God, God himself being the cause of the idea that we have of God, of perfection, of infinity and everything that exists in the world.Item Fenomenologia e psicanálise existencial: uma possibilidade para além do projeto original(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-09-13) Moura, Izabela Cristina de Carvalho; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Silva, Vânia dos Santos; Ribeiro, Silvio Carlos MarinhoThroughout the history of philosophy, thinkers have been very busy thinking and questioning the Truth of things. We analyzing the scenario, where Sartre brings the concept of phenomenon as something that reveals the Being, which occurs with the relationship of the For-itself (Consciousness) with the In-itself (Object), in contrast to Kant's concept of phenomenon, as something that veils the Being. Starting from these assumptions, Sartre will sketch his phenomenological ontology and will think about how his philosophy can encompass the understanding of man in his totality. So, Sartrean Existential Psychoanalysis will reject some principles of Freudian Psychoanalysis and maintain that the adult is not determined by childhood, but can be influenced by it. In this context, the For-itself, which is free and a constant projection, chooses its Original Project, that is, its priorities. Based on these conceptions, we will present and contest Moura's (2017) thesis about the mutability of the Original Project, while we also refute Colantoni's (2019) conception, which, unlike Moura (2017), defends the immutability of such Project. Finally, we defend an intermediate interpretation, that is, that the Original Project cannot be fully modifiable, only its structures can be resignified.Item Geometria e aritmética: um encaixe imperfeito(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-03-24) Ribeiro, André Luiz; Porto, André da Silva; Porto, André da Silva; Rezende, Cristiano Novaes de; Fernandes, Diego PinheiroIn the present work we clarify how the discovery of incommensurable magnitudes impacted Greek mathematics and how, even today, we experience the consequences of this fact. Furthermore, contrasting Eudoxus' doctrine on ratio and proportion and Descartes' formulations that enabled an arithmetical treatment of geometric quantities, we show how, at the beginning of modernity, the effort to overcome the abyss between Geometry and Arithmetic took shape. Finally, exploring the divergences between modern mathematicians and contemporary constructivists regarding the notion of existence, we show how, by adopting a more rigorous conception of existence as meaning “hand possession” of a method for identifying mathematical objects, the imperfect fit between Geometry and Arithmetic then returns to the fore, thus rehabilitating the distinction between numbers and magnitudes and the logical independence between geometric proofs and arithmetic proofs.Item Nietzsche seria um niilista?(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-16) Teles, Marcos Paulo Rodrigues; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Vecchia, Ricardo Bazílio Dalla; Almeida, Pedro Jonas deThis work intends demonstrate, mainly, the ethical naturalism in Nietzsche’s, to the detriment of supernatural doctrines such as Platonic philosophy and Christianity. In opposition to Platonic doctrine and Cristian ethics, Nietzsche’s philosophy seeks a transvaluation of values from the Greek god Dionysus, with the purpose of creation values from concepts of “life”, that is, in reality and in the natural world, to the detriment of the concepts of “Beyond”, “God”, “Sin”, “Salvation” and “Eternal Life”, disseminated by christian ethics that are based on an absence of natural causes and effects. Thus, Nietzsche, who was commonly interpreted as a nihilist, ends up accusing christianity of nihilism. Therefore, this work intends to demonstrate through the concept of Dionysus that Nietzsche was not truly a nihilist and that is possible to defend the existence of an ethics-aesthetics in Nietzsche, which prescribes a revolutionary way of life.Item Os problemas do modelo referencialista e as sensações: uma leitura do argumento da linguagem privada a partir dos jogos expressivos e jogos descritivos de linguagem(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-11-11) Leite, Wendel de Jesus Ribeiro; Borges, Priscilla da Veiga; Ribeiro, Silvio Carlos Marinho; Ribeiro, Silvio Carlos Marinho; Borges, Priscilla da Veiga; Colantoni, Ana GabrielaThis work analyzes the conception of private language in Wittgenstein's book - Philosophical Investigations, where we understand that such conception arises from the generalization of the referentialist model of language. Our objective in this research is to propose a way that shows that not all the words in our language correspond to objects. The referentialist conception, reflected in the conception of language attributed to Agostinho, serves as an example that the use of this model results in great misunderstandings when taken to the language games of sensations. As will be presented in our work, the problems that arise from such a model of language are philosophical absurdities, since the idea of a private and innate language, defended by Wittgenstein's interlocutor in the context of the Philosophical Investigations, is a logical impossibility.It so happens that this model of meaning was also accepted throughout modern philosophy when establishing the idea that language necessarily corresponds to objects and that such correspondence depends on subjective criteria. Also, Wittgenstein in the Private Language Argument (§§243-315), shows that this limited conception of language is logically impossible, because the criteria of a language are not private, but public. In other words, for him, words have the meaning that, in community, is used for it, that is why language is intersubjective. However, at the insistence of Wittgenstein's interlocutor (private linguist) with the referentialist model, it is revealed that others' even greatest problems were created. An example of this is the skepticism of meaning, skepticism about the existence of other minds that end up resulting in the absurdity of Solipsism. To this preposterous, Wittgenstein presents a philosophical proposal for the language game referring to sensations, which, contrary to the referentialist model, can be possible, logically. Therefore, we will present the distinction between the games of expressions and the games of descriptions, as a philosophical proposal for the existing confusions in the statements about the sensations of pain, considering the asymmetry between “I have pain” and “He has pain”.Item Psicanálise existencial: entre a teoria e a aplicação na literatura(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-04) Dias, Matheus Pereira; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Ribeiro, Silvio Carlos Marinho; Souza, Herivelto Pereira deThis work is the result of a philosophical research on Existential Psychoanalysis outlined in the book The Being and Nothingness (1943) by Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980). At first we will present the bases on which the author builds his psychoanalytic conception, namely: Ontology and Phenomenology. We will theoretically approach how existential psychoanalysis is structured, its main concepts and some distinctions that the author establishes between psychology and classical psychoanalysis. Thus, we will go into the Sartrian literature Saint Genet – Actor and Martyr (1952) to verify the possible application of its theoretical framework in the analysis of the life and work of the writer Jean Genet (1910-1986), especially with regard to the constitution of the marginal personality of the poet described in his autobiography The Thief’s Journal (1968)Item A questão da mulher: um resgate histórico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-07) Araújo, Larissa de Almeida; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Amitrano, Georgia Cristina; Arruda, Renata Maria SantosThis paper aims to provide a detailed analysis of the idea of women, from a historical and political perspective. Mainly, in the aspect of social construction, that is, how social changes accompany and are responsible for the structure of how we see the feminine. To better understand the historical consequences, we will use the theory of historical dialectical materialism, contained in Marxist thought. Through the theme, we will use Philosophers known for the discussions about gender and class struggle, therefore, The Second Sex of Simone de Beauvoir, Caliban and the witch of Silvia Federici, The origin of the family, of private property and the State of Engels Friedrich, Women, race and class by Angela Davis. Therefore, the central theme of the project is to observe the woman as a social being, also addressing the different reality between white and black women. There is a structural problem that makes women's emancipation unfeasible, for that, it is necessary to understand what this structure is and how we can combat it. Thus, this research aims to analyze and discuss the social political processes contained in the gender issue that, at the same time, involves race and class.Item A relação natural entre corpo e alma na filosofia de Hegel: uma análise crítica da concepção moderna de alma(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-03-29) Oliveira, Janaina Teodoro; Morais, Júlia Sebba Ramalho; Morais, Júlia Sebba Ramalho; Silva, Márcia Zebina Araújo da; Ribeiro, Sílvio Carlos MarinhoThis paper aims to examine Hegel’s soul conception and the philosopher critique regarding the body and soul dualism topic. The understanding of the body and soul’s existence as entirely contrasting substances was a matter extensively addressed by Modern Philosophy, with Rene Descartes as one of its main writers. This analysis labels Hegel’s report concerning these matters, formulated on his appraisal of the Rational Psycology’s idea of Soul. Furthermore, Hegel’s praise to Descartes’ Self concept has been also taken to analysis, as it was a first in all philosophy history. To a better comprehension of Hegel’s take on the body and soul correlation subject, it is essential to grasp how the author develops the spirit subjectivity from nature until the actual conception of the spirit subjectivity, available on his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences Vol. III - Philosophy of Mind/Spirit. As presented here, Hegel conceives the soul in an intimate connection with the body, initially with an instantaneous unity with it through sensations. This paper also aims to study how this unity develops itself, in a way that the Soul has the body as a particular moment in its interior subjectivity.Item Relações entre alguns mitos e a expectativa de gênero em nossa sociedade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-09-01) Oliveira, Liula Gonçalves Coimbra de; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Colantoni, Ana Gabriela; Morais, Júlia Sebba RamalhoThis is work aims, through a bibliographical research, to bring to ligth how much discourses have reinforced prejudice, submission and violence against women and how patriarchy reinforced and still reinforces gender inequality so that changes occur in our society. And for this, we will address some myths that have contributed to the promotion of differences between the social roles of men and woman. The some will be divided as follows: first, the Guarani myth of Iara will be analyzed, then will discuss the hunt for “witches”, the Greek myth of Héstia – the lady of the house, then we will talk about Judeo-Christian myth having as intersectional axis the oppressions caused by patriarchy and androcentrism.