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Item Práticas de manejo pecuário na microrregião de São Miguel do Araguaia, Goiás: uma análise a partir de dados de campo e de sensoriamento remoto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-03) Aguado, Oscar Ivan De Oro; Araújo, Fernando Moreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8681719274269970; Ferreira, Laerte Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647270006257055; Miziara, Fausto; Couto, Victor Rezende MoreiraPasture degradation is a process in the tropical region and in Brazil, it is estimated that there are approximately 100 million hectares under poor conservation and management conditions. This work aims to understand, in an exploratory way, the quality of the Brachiaria Brizantha and Andropogon Gayanus species, evaluating the seasonal and trend characteristics in relation to the conditioning factors of the degradation in the microregion of São Miguel do Araguaia. The methodology consisted in the selection of pastures in three levels of degradation for the species mentioned above; historical management for the last 15 years; and estimated vegetative vigor analysis using satellite images from the MODIS sensor, i.e. product MOD13Q1 - NDVI, for the period 2000 to 2015. The time series was analyzed using seasonal metrics and the algorithms Breaks For Additive Season and Trend (BFAST) for trend analysis and identification of the degradation factors for the three levels of degradation of both species. The results demonstrated the differentiation between the three categories of pasture management (optimal, reasonable and poor) for the two grass species using data collected in the field and orbital. According to the seasonal metrics, statistically, the species presented differentiated vegetative vigor behaviors (t = 2,083, gl = 375, p <0.001), and the discrimination is higher using the amplitude and maximum metrics of the NDVI index. The optimal pastures (t = 2.876, gl = 375, p <0.001) and poor (t = 4,142, gl = 375, p <0.001) differed according to seasonal behavior, while reasonable pastures did not (t = 0.745; = 375, p> 0.05). The optimal and reasonable pastures of B. Brizantha presented similar behaviors over the analysis period, whereas the poor pasture presented differentiated behaviors for the amplitude and average metrics. However, the optimal, reasonable and poor pastures of the A. Gayanus species, despite having differentiated qualities and management in the field, the NDVI values throughout the temporal series presented similar behaviors for both qualities. The Trends analysis showed that the high temperatures of 2007 and 2010 generated negative breaks points for both species, while the years of 2009 and 2013 were points of positive breaks due to the increase in rainfall records. As a conclusion, moderate resolution orbital data, particularly NDVI, allow the differentiation of pasture species and their respective qualities through the analysis of time series and, on the other hand, trend analysis showed that both species of grass showed high Sensitivity to the climatic factors, as El Niño and La Niña, in relation to the management used.Item Degradação de fenol por bactérias de dois biomas brasileiros(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-10-14) Almeida-Rotta, Anna Paula Santos; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1742731776579730; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Souza, Keili Maria Cardoso deIn recent decades, the growth of industrial activity and agriculture has been responsible for environmental contamination due to the presence of organic and inorganic substances. Phenol and its derivatives are an important class of environmental contaminants by their presence in many industrial effluents. The seeking of biological alternatives to mitigate the environmental pollution has motivated researches to find microorganisms that combine the capacity to degrade phenol with a sustainable focus. Therefore, bacteras capable of degrading xenobiotics are been used in soil, sediment and water treatment. This study has aimed to evaluate the biodegradation of phenol by bacterial isolates isolated from two Brazilian biomes (Cerrado Goiano and Mangrove of Guarapary, ES), whereupon the influence of pre-adaptation of the bacteria was checked, as well as the effects of growth parameters in different concentrations and the tolerance to this chemical compound. One isolated from Cerrado was identified as Staphylococcus aureus (BF 2.5), and the other one as a gram-positive rod (\BF 2.3.2), and the mangrove bacteria were identified as Bacillus circulans (MF-2) and Bacillus sp. (MF-1). All of the isolates consumed phenol in the approximated of 500mg.L-1 when cultivated in liquid Busnell-Hass (BH) medium and 1.500mg.L-1 in Nutrient Agar medium (NA). The consumption of phenol as carbon source by BF-2.5 isolated was 2,78; 4;79 and 0,35% for concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg.L-1 of phenol, respectively. The isolated BF-2.3.2 results were 11, 04; 19,13 and 16,02%, respectively. For the mangrove isolated the results were 22,43; 11,52 and 3.33% to 21,54; 20;54 and 28.85% for the MF-1 and MF-2 isolates, respectively in the same phenol concentrations tested. These results suggest a higher phenol consumption capacity of MF-2 isolated from mangrove.Item Estudo hidrossedimentológico em rios da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Meia Ponte - Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-11) Amaral, Ana Karolyna Nunes; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Bayer, Maximiliano; Ribeiro, Noely VicenteThe present work show an analysis of hydrosedimentological dynamics in rivers of the River Basin Meia Ponte (BHRMP), localized in the State of Goias. The work was objective to analyze the sedimentological behavior as a way of understanding the river processes in the studied rivers. For the development of the work, were collected sediment in suspension in six rivers of the basin were collected in at least three points in each river. Hydrological surveys were carried out with ADCP equipment. For the granulometric distribution was used MASTERSIZER 2000 and the LISST – SL equipment. The samples were made during the dry season, at the end of July and November during the rainy season. The samples were submitted to laboratory analysis, which allowed the interpretation and discussion of the results afterwards. The granulometry of suspended sediments had their greatest representativity in the silt class. From the collected data, the Suspended Sediment Concentration in the BHRMP rivers ranged from 2,62 to 21,69 mg / l, transporting on average 6,31 tons/day of suspended sediments during dry season. In the rainy season the suspended sediment concentration ragend from 39,02 to 127,58 tons/day. From the calculations of specific sediment production, it was found that the basin produced 1,72 and 58,18 ton/km2/year form the dry to the rainy season respectively.Item O impacto do manejo do cultivo de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum sp.) e de pastagem (Brachiaria decumbens) na microbiota do solo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-10-13) Araújo, Marcus Vinícius Forzani; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782223Z6; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; Carrim, Aysha Jussara Ivonilde; Silva, Daniela de Melo eCharacterized as extremely important, the soil is a complex environment and it shelters a great diversity of microorganisms. However, little is known about the diversity and ecology of the soil microbiota. Thus, the first part of this dissertation reviews the methodological evolution used to characterize the diversity and abundance of microorganisms found in soil. The second part consists of the application of two methodologies reviewed in the previous chapter, serial dilution and solid medium plating, to estimate free-living nitrogen fixing microorganisms, and fumigation-extraction to estimate soil microbial biomass (BMS). The last part employs the most modern microbial soil characterization technique, the metagenomics of 16S rRNA. Hence, our initial hypothesis was that sugarcane fields’ soils would have better soil microbiological indicators than grasslands’ soils. The results confirmed that the hypothesis was partially correct, and it was possible to find about 140% more free-living diazotrophic colony-forming units (CFUs) and a 17% richer alpha diversity in sugarcane fields’ soils than in grasslands’ soils. The beta diversity between sugarcane plantations and pastures presented clear differences. However, sugarcane fields’ soils obtained about 25% less BMS than grasslands’ soils. In relation to the bacterial phyla, the grasslands have more Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes and sugarcane fields have a greater number of TM7 and bacteria that were not identified, being Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria the dominating phyla in both types of soil. Although the results of nitrogen fixers and microbial biomass appear to be conflicting, it is an indication that the diazotrophic community undergoes with a diverse biotic and abiotic influences than the total community of soil microorganisms, and thus respond differently.Item O meio biótico nos termos de referência de estudos de impacto ambiental de UHEs brasileiras - a raiz dos problemas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-07-09) Batista, Gabriel de Avila; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Nomura, FaustoThe Brazilian federal government assumes the imminence of an energy crisis. Thus, hydroelectric projects appear as a preventive response to the reduction of energy resources and to eventual socioeconomic instability arising from this problem. Therefore, it becomes pertinent to several sectors the discussion about the socioeconomic, physical and biotic aspects that are affected by the implantation of hydroelectric dams. Despite the legal, technical and scientific aspects of the brazilian Environmental Licensing (EL) process, it is part of an administrative process, and comply with protocols defined in Reference Terms (RT). Thereby their stages, including the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), must conform to the proposal of these documents to enable the flow of the EL process. The literature indicates shortcomings in environmental licensing processes related to EIAs, with the nature of these gaps varying from administrative, legal, technical, and scientific methods. Still in this plea, the literature also points out problems regarding the biotic aspects of environmental impact assessment. These errors lead to environmental impacts that are difficult to mitigate, since they were not predicted or evaluated during the studies. Observing these premises and considering the RT as the base of the methods used in these studies, it is possible to suppose that this document is one of the problems origins observed in the subsequent phases. Are the guidelines for the biotic environment in RTs in line with what is proposed by science? The analyzes in this study demonstrate that the scientific quality of the biotic environment protocols is low. It is known why sample – as this question answers a legal requirement too –, but it is not known the best sample targets neither the adequate way to sample, which may lead to irreversible impacts. The prognosis is disappointing, with an increase of 0.53% in quality per year, considering 1988 as the starting year, it will still take 158 years to reach the ideal.Item Detecção automática de desmatamentos no bioma cerrado: desafios para o monitoramento sistemático(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-13) Faria, Adriano Silva de; Araújo, Fernando Moreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8681719274269970; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647270006257055; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Silva, Elaine Barbosa daThe Cerrado biome has about 30% or 12,070 of the flora species cataloged in Brazil. Accelerated occupation and loss of biodiversity have made the Cerrado one of the 34 hotspots in the world. With a high index of endemism, about 30% (645) of the species that make up the list with some level of threat of extinction in Brazil are located in the Cerrado. The biome still has a remarkable climatic seasonality, with dry and rainy season. The replacement of Cerrado vegetation for anthropic uses intensified in the 1970s, basically for agricultural uses. Studies on climate change point to deforestation as one of the causes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, motivating the government to create programs to monitor the coverage and use of land and removal of natural vegetation. Mappings indicate a reduction of vegetation of the Cerrado in 6% in the 11-year interval (PROBIO in 2002 with 60.5% and Cerrado TerraClass in 2013 with 54.5%). In this way, it makes necessary the annual monitoring, financing the actions of conservation for the biome. In order to understand the detection in the Cerrado conversion and to obtain information in a short time, it was decided to use the Integrated System of Deforestation Alerts (ISDA), since it is the only annual monitoring of the biome and has a low cost in relation to the others existing. SIAD was developed in Lapig and has provided conversion rates since 2003. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the potential and the limitations of detection of deforestation in the Cerrado using satellite images of moderate resolution and analysis of time series with reference to the SIAD. The efficiency of the reference map (i.e. PROBIO and TerraClass) was evaluated in relation to the amount of false deforestation generated. We attempted to understand the variation in the number of alerts generated as a function of rainfall seasonality from MODIS collections 5 and 6 (product MOD13Q1) and to analyze the seasonal behavior of deforestation alerts from 2015-2016 using the BFAST algorithm. Thus, the SIAD generated 101,902 deforestation alerts for 2015-2016 using the Cerrado TerraClass mapping and MODIS collection 6, of which 3% (3,185) were classified as deforestation by the visual inspection method. It was verified that the Cerrado TerraClass reference map generates less false deforestation than the PROBIO, and that, the collection 6 presents greater sensitivity of change in the vegetation in relation to the collection 5, contributing to the increase of false deforestation. The seasonality of precipitation is directly related to the number of alerts generated. However, the BFAST algorithm was effective in filtering the false positives, not presenting breaks in 16% of the alerts generated for 2015-2016, with 99% agreement with the visual inspection.Item Ambientalismo de livre mercado e análise do discurso ambiental: o caso do Brasil Mata Viva(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-05) Godinho, Marcos Vinícius Ferreira de Almeida; Miziara, Fausto; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782255Y8; Miziara, Fausto; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Ferreira, Denise PaivaCapitalism and the environmental, for many, are seen as extreme opposites. One of the intentions in this work is to discuss how this conflict is developed and to show solutions for it, having the case of Brasil Mata Viva to represent the realized theoretical discussion. However, it is not central to this work to explore the conflict between capitalism and the environment, but to show a reality where both were put together harmonically. This work has two main theoretical focal points: free market environmentalism and environmental discourse analysis. Firstly, an exposé about free market environmentalism and its main concepts was made, paving the way the theory used to study Brasil Mata Viva. Secondly, the environmental discourse analysis is debated, and is shown its categories. Right after, an presentation of Brasil Mata Viva was realized, showing its history, actions and relations with society. Finally, the data obtained is discussed in the light of the methodologies given by the theories of free market capitalism and environmental discourse analysis where markets, relations with institutional public figures, community and the environment are central. The results show a contradictory combination, although successful, rooted by the studied context which challenges the theorized conceptions.Item Dinâmicas demográficas e impactos ambientais nas regiões de fronteiras de ocupação amazônica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-18) Guedes, Franciely Jesus; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Sousa, Cleunice Borges de; Ferreira, Nilson ClementinoThis work seeks to understand how demographic dynamics and changes in land use and land occupation patterns are related to deforestation in the frontier regions of the Deforestation Arc in the Amazon. Analysis include temporal and spatial scale and have been conducted both within the general region and at the level of municipalities. Initially, we used descriptive techniques to characterize the different phases of land use and land occupation frontier. Then, a more detailed analysis is performed to identify the variables that are more related to deforestation in the region through regression models. Among the evaluated variables, the total pasture area is the one that best explains deforestation. Demographic variables are not good predictors but, together with social variables, they work well as indicators of the stage of the frontier. This is because changes in land use patterns have been shown to be more strongly linked to the increase in deforestation than, indeed, to population mobility.Item Instrumentos de política ambiental para redução da geração dos resíduos sólidos urbanos: a percepção de especialistas no município de Goiânia – GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-30) Melo, Will Sandes de; Ribeiro, Francis Lee; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1763392088652134; Ribeiro, Francis Lee; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Alves, Paulo Alexandre de ToledoThere are many policy tools to foster the reduction of urban solid waste, which could be understand as the core of the Brazilian national solid waste policy. The choice of the most suitable instruments at the local level may be critical to success or failure of the policy implementation. However, frequently, such choice does not result of a rational process based on objective criteria, which favors the establishment of preferences for instrument. This works aims to check if there is a preference for instruments to reduce solid waste generation within the municipality of Goiânia, as well as what would explain this preference. In order to, it was performed a qualitative assessment, comprises the legislation at national level, the State of Goiás and the Municipality of Goiânia and other Government documents and publications associated with the implementation of the national solid waste policy. Moreover, were conducted eight structured interviews with experts in the field of waste management, who has worked in the waste plan of the city of Goiânia. The results suggest an alignment between the interviewees' understanding and the ideas spread by the Federal Government in the last decades, which gives great importance to the practice of environmental education. Also, noteworthy prominent views favorable on the adoption of instruments based on economic incentives, expectations around reverse packaging logistics, as well as restrictions on the adoption of a homogeneous municipal tax for the management of urban solid waste. As a final point, was identified a preference for the use of environmental education instruments. This preference can be explained by the occurrence of the heuristic of representativeness. These results suggest that the policy framework created by the Federal Government has significant influence on decisions at the local level.Item Avaliação de áreas de pastagens a partir de bibliotecas espectrais, dados lidar e imagens aéreas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-01-07) Mesquita, Vinícius Vieira; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; shorturl.at/iPSU1; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Tyrone, RherisonGrasslands are important environments for global food security as they are responsible for the production of meat and milk from ruminant animals. Unfortunately, the negative consequences of the expansion of pasture areas is the loss of biodiversity, especially in the Brazilian Cerrado where more than 23% of natural vegetation has been converted to pasture. Thus, it is necessary to look for solutions to maintain the growth of food production without deforestation focusing on the recovery of degraded areas and intensification of use in underused places. Through hyperspectral data collected in the field, aerophotogrammetric data obtained by RPAS and laser pulses emitted by airborne LiDAR sensor, this work aims to evaluate the use of these data in pastures under different management and different seasonality conditions. The experiment area is the Rio Vermelho Basin (BHRV). In this region we were collected spectral data over 17 months in five pasture areas of 500 x 500 meters to compose a spectrum-temporal library. RPAS data were also collected in 2019 and LiDAR in 2015 and 2018 along a 50 km by 200 meters transect. The library built from spectral data was able to represent variations related to seasonality and management of pasture areas. The LiDAR point clouds on pastures were able to produce canopy height information faithful to the landscape observed in the field. The results obtained with RPAS proved to be insufficient to reach the objective, requiring more experiments to be usable. The spectro-temporal library formed exclusively by data sampled at pasture and the use of data from LiDAR showed a remarkable ability to describe the landscape and its nuances. However, further studies are still needed to better understand the results and validate the techniques.Item (Im)possibilidades da prática turística e complexidade ambiental: um estudo de caso em Pirenópolis-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-07-07) Neves, Marco Aurélio Fernandes; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Araújo, Alexandre Martins de; Oliveira, Leandro GonçalvesThis research deals with the intersections between environmental complexity and tourism. Environmental complexity is a theoretical construct of the Mexican environmental sociologist Enrique Leff, who faces the environmental crisis of our time, crisis of rationality, (de) construction of life possibilities. When questioning about the possibility of putting environmental complexity into operation, through other rationalities and knowledges, environmental, this research was undertaken by the theoretical-practical field of tourism, seeking to uncover both its epistemic singularity and its practical complexity. Theoretical elements of tourism studies were raised and an interface between tourism and environmental complexity was forged, in which the theoretical impossibility of both disciplines opened the possibility for the practical possibility of a dialogue of knowledge. Thus, through the empirical study of the economic, environmental and socio-cultural dimensions of tourism in the city of Pirenópolis-Goiás, it was possible to verify the tourism perspective as a propitious locus for the regimentation of elements for the accomplishment of an environmental complexity.Item Avaliação do risco à perda da qualidade ambiental do aquífero freático na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-20) Nogueira, Sérgio Henrique de Moura; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Bayer, Maximiliano; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte GuimarãesAmong the impacts caused in nature by human society, urbanization is considered one of the most aggressive, and in many cases may be irreversible. In the last decades, the majority of the global population has been living in urbanized areas, generating megacities and metropolitan areas with high demographic density, where several activities have intensified and can threat the environment as a whole, including aquifers. The loss of the environmental quality of groundwater is a common problem in Brazilian urban centers. Studies that approaches the spatialisation of impacts from exposure to pollutant loads of different natures, are important instruments for directing actions aimed at the conservation of water resources in these large urban centers. In this study, a map of water table's depth was elaborated from the processing of multiple variables. Then, an environmental vulnerability assessment was elaborated, and from the categorization of the land use, it was possible to obtain a classification map of the general risk of loss of the environmental quality of the groundwater of the metropolitan region of Goiânia. The resulting map shows the places where the risks are high and very high, coinciding with the urbanized areas, explained by the intensity of activities that threaten the natural resource. In the non-urbanized areas there are places of moderate risk, explained by the establishment of agricultural and livestock activities where the water table is near the surface.Item Aplicação do modelo WEAP na avaliação de alocação de água do reservatório dos Pequenos Libombos, Moçambique(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-12) Notisso, Pedro Francisco; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Teixeira, Denílson; Cortes, Jussanã MilogranaThe issue of satisfying human and environmental water needs has been tackled in the water resources management and planning framework in the Africa Austral. Currently, the Umbeluzi river basin is Greater Maputo main source of water supply. This study was driven by uncertainties generated by difficulties in meeting future water needs. What can happen to water supply if the patterns of population growth, industrial growth and increase in irrigation areas change? This article aims at assessing the capacity of meeting water needs in the Greater Maputo area in Mozambique through application of WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning System). WEAP is a model that allows simulation of water resource systems with multiple uses in an integrated manner. The case study is the Mozambican part of the Umbeluzi River basin. Four scenarios were simulated: the reference scenario which corresponds to the on-going exploitation; three impact scenarios: Lower Growth that represents lower values of growth of consumption sites, Trend that reflects average growth values of consumption sites and Greater Growth which corresponds to higher values of population growth, expansion of the agricultural and industrial area, between 2018 and 2040 and adaptation measure. The methodology included the estimation of affluences to the system obtained from the results of the Water Year Method. An assessment of the capacity to meet water needs was made using indicators such as coverage and supply guarantee. The results obtained show the system's inability to meet current and future needs. The system has an annual water supply guarantee of 70.9% and 63.5% in the Reference and Lower Growth scenarios, with more critical values of 42.1% and 31.7% in the Trend and Higher Growth scenarios. All scenarios have an average duration of each failure exceeding three months.Item Percepção ambiental: como os corpos d’água e a biodiversidade aquática são percebidos por jovens de ensino fundamental em Rio Verde – Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-07-06) Oliveira, Rodolfo Pimentel; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4995825091971711; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Miziara, Fausto; Paniago, Rosenilde NogueiraHumanity goes through an environmental crisis, the modernization of society caused deep changes in the behavior of the whole society, there was intensification of environmental impacts in a systemic way, not restricted to the cities. The severity of the damage has not yet been dimension, but certainly, puts endangered numerous species, particularly serious situation of Cerrado, a biodiversity hotspot that is in constantly impact of agricultural activities, especially aquatic organisms, which are little studied. To preserve the quality of the environment and the survival of biodiversity, there must be involvement of society, for this, individuals have to realize, since the youth, the factors that build the environment. For this reason, was investigated in Rio Verde - Goiás, one of the largest producers of grains in the country, the perceptions of elementary school students in a countryside school and a city school about aquatic biodiversity, through questionnaires with students, observations and interviews with teachers, managers and coordinators involved. It was questioned 140 students in sixth and ninth years of elementary school II and applied 8 interviews. The results are, the perception of aquatic biodiversity and water resources is quite shallow, poor. They do not realize the wealth of aquatic biodiversity and not dialogue about their importance to the ecosystem. They have difficulty to identify environmental impacts and suggest mitigation measures. There is no difference between the perception of the students of the countryside and the city, going contrary to the social movements fighting for the identity of the camp residents. Worrying finding is that countryside students have serious theoretical difficulties, failing to answer a number of questions. We conclude that there’s no difference between the students from the countryside and the city, being need to promote environmental education consistent inside the context of students and allow the development of the awareness of students to understand the aquatic biodiversity and how it relate to many human activities.Item Aplicação da dendrocronologia na identificação de processos erosivos e incêndios florestais nos parques estaduais Altamiro de Moura Pacheco e João Leite, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-06-15) Oliveira, Thaynnara Borges; Momoli, Renata Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4153268939426905; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Chagas, Matheus PeresThe hydrographic basin of the Ribeirão João Leite (BHRJL) represents to the Goiás State an important sourceof water, responsible for supplying more than 50% of the population of the state capital, Goiânia, and contain two important conservation units of the Cerrado Biome. The overall objective of this paper was to evaluate the chronological evolution and impacts on vegetation caused by laminar erosion processes and/or linear and by forest fires in State Parks Altamiro de Moura Pacheco (PEAMP) and João Leite (PEJoL). The methodological procedures consisted in a multi-integrated assessment for the catchment area and the areas of the parks, being held for the basin: (1) the lifting of the physical attributes of the basin, (2) the morphopedologic Compatments, (3) The analysis of the susceptibility to laminar erosion and (4) Mapping of erosion of the basin, and in the area of the parks (including buffer zone): (5) sieve analysis of soil; (6) Mapping of fire risk to vegetation; (7) historical analysis of the occupation of the land use between 1985 and 2017; (8) analysis dendrogeomorfology and dendropirocronologia. The results indicated the presence of four compartments morfopedológicos, two were characterized as fragile by physical attributes natural; it was identified high susceptibility to the occurrence of laminar erosion processes and linear, confirmed by mapping of more than 3,000 erosions on BHRJL, being that the more critical areas coincide with the area where are the Conservation Units, which historically coexist with predominant use of pastures. The textural analysis of soil showed high content of the sand fraction, mainly fine sand and coarse sand in the soil inside the remainder in both dispersion in NaOH as the dispersion in water. This tendency occurs both in the horizon of the surface and the underlying horizons due to the profound transformation of quartz-rich rocks and poor in primary minerals converted into clay, compatible with the litology aluminoso Gnaisse, Metagranito And Quatzito. vThe mapping of fire risk indicates that the southern and southeastern portion of the remainder as critical areas for the event of a fire. The analysis of dendrocronológica 17 tree individuals of Cedar (Cedrela fissilis) And Copaíbas (Copaifera langsdorffii) indicated a high potential of these species in the area with a series with good index of intercorrelação (Cedar = 0,642; COPAIBA = 0,702). The analysis of dendropirocronologia indicated that the most powerful fires occurred in the decade of 1990, as the dendrogeomorfologia was not possible to correlate the time series with events longshore because was not observed inside of the parks erosion processes or traces of sedimentation, excepting the ravine near the highway and the ravine in inner raceway. In a general way the forest remnant requires greater supervision especially in high-risk areas the forest fire. The area of the park is an area of great fragility and excessive pisoteamento care should be taken to avoid that these processes to settle, because, the containment of same in sandy soil is quite costly and laborious.Item O uso da água em Goiás, potencialidade, demanda para irrigação por pivôs centrais e perspectivas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-29) Pereira Júnior, Lindolfo Caetano; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Ferreira, Manuel EduardoIn this paper, an analysis of expansion of central pivots irrigation in the estate of Goiás from 1984 to 2015 was performed, with the objective of identifying the conditioning factors of this occupation process and its relation with the water compromise in the study area. For this, images obtained by Landsat satellite sensors and Government data were used to map these facilities. In order to define the water compromise, we also mapped the existing equipment in the Distrito Federal. In addition, was used as reference the Medium Long Term Flow (QMLT), generating a scenario of maximum hydrological potential. As final phase, was performed the analysis of the commitment in catchment basins for public supply, having as a reference the max water right capacity. The state had 3,489 facilities covering an irrigated area of 242,128 hectares in 2015. There was a clear pattern of distribution of irrigation pivots within the state, 60% of existing equipment are located on flat relief terrain with latosols and as close as 10 kilometers of a paved highway. This technique is consolidated in Goiás and tends to expand in the coming years, being a gradual and continuous expansion that facilitates long-term water resource management action. The mapped equipment is located in mid-priced land areas, more distant from the major urban centers, however with the required infrastructure for the production distribution. The area of study (Goiás and Distrito Federal) presented an average water availability in the order of 17 l.s-1 (km²)-1 with a maximum around 32 l.s-1 (km²)-1 and a minimum around 9 l.s-1 (km²)-1 . This availability is distributed in a heterogeneous manner, with the largest flows being in the south of the state of Goiás. The annual surface hydrological potential in the study area is of the order of 178 km³.year-1 . For the state of Goiás, this potential is around 175 km³.year-1 and for the Distrito Federal is approximately 2.5 km³.year-1. The hydrographic region that presented the highest potential volume was the Corumbá, Verissimo and São Marcos rivers, with an offer of the order of 26 km³.-1, a volume that represents about 15% of the total. The average volume required for irrigation by central pivots was 4,800 m³.year-1 .ha-1 , ranging from about 3,800 m³.year-1 ha-1 in the south to around 8,000 m³.year-1.ha -1 in the northeast of Goiás; Resulting in a demand of 1.23 km³-year, with reference to the year 2015. About 68,857 (85%) of the segments analyzed do not present any interference generated by this irrigation sector. This technique also does not present itself as a factor of pressure on the pumping for human supply (using the methodology adopted for granting in Goiás) since only one hydrographic basin presented demand superior to QMLT.Item Dinâmica da estrutura da paisagem na microrregião do Vão do Paranã (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-16) Ponciano, Tássia Andrielle; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Bueno, Guilherme TaitsonThe region of Vão do Paranã, inserted in the northeast (2000), is one of the three main centers of endemism in the Cerrado and goes through a process of fragmentation, which determines the ratings of potential and environmental vulnerabilities to promote appropriate policies of occupation. The study proposed here has as reference the integrated analysis of the landscape using the morphopedological compartments, to evaluate the dynamics of landscape structure in the microregion of Vão do Paranã. The methodology was based on the interpretation of Landsat images for temporal analysis (1984-2015) the use and soil coverage, with analysis of landscape structure through metrics and evaluation of morphopedological compartments. The results indicate that the characteristics associated morphopedological compartments the dynamics of occupation of the region respond by different forms of occupation of this area and the way it is structured the landscape in the region. Along the evolution of the use, the remaining vegetation concentrated in the eastern portion, coinciding with areas of emphasis more bustling, where currently the UC's; in the western portion, where the areas are more flat, there is a higher concentration of anthropic uses and high levels of fragmentation of the landscape. Although the agricultural expansion process has not yet strengthened in the region, the remaining areas were converted to 8.44% in anthropic areas, the pasture aptitude is present, however the agricultural areas have been growing exponentially in all compartments. The compartments favored, by relief, for anthropic occupation correspond to CMP I and III. The other compartments are indicated for the maintenance of environmental conservation.Item Sustentabilidade do setor sucroalcooleiro na microrregião de Ceres - GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-12-16) Rodrigues, Dayse Mysmar Tavares; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Echeverria, Agustina R.; Sayago, Doris Aleida Villamizar; Najberg, Estela; Castro, Selma SimõesThis study aims to analyze how a definition of indicators for calculation of sustainability can help understand the process of expansion of the sugarcane sector in frontier regions. The area for was applied to the microregion of the state of Goiás, which has a history marked by the expansion of the Agricultural Frontier. For the development of the research was necessary to identify and select indicators of sustainability aspects: environmental, social, economic and institutional. From the recent expansion of sugarcane in the region were chosen towns that base plants and towns that only observed the expansion of agricultural activity. With the construction of the variables, the data were analyzed by means of the tool Of Sustainability Dashboard - DoS. After applying the indicators and analyzing the results, it was possible to verify indicators demonstrated development profile, the one that is more sustainable, and those that showed negative growth profile, which was considered unsustainable. All in all, institutional and social indices were better in towns having plants, the environmental index was better in towns not having basing or non-basing towns. It is evident that the definition of indicators to measure the sustainability of a process is also an important tool for the understanding of this very same process.Item Saneamento rural: o esgotamento sanitário no Programa Moradia Camponesa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-10-01) Sacho, Sara Duarte; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Scalize, Paulo Sergio; Souza, Cleonice Borges deGiven the long way of invisibility of rural areas in public policies on housing and sanitation in the country, this research work is emerge from the central theme on the access of the population benefited with social housing programs to adequate sanitation solutions in rural areas. The debate is developed from the experience with the Programa Moradia Camponesa (PMC), which compose the National Rural Housing Program (PNHR) in the municipalities of Silvânia and Vianópolis in Goiás. The challenges faced during the program in relation to alternatives to sanitary sewage in housing units inspired the first questions of the research: How is sanitation addressed in housing programs of social interest in rural areas? The research was guided by the hypothesis that sanitation solutions are transplanted from urban to rural experiences, leading to inconsistencies with the reality of the traditional rural worker's way of life; the particularities of the construction site and the self-construction of the housing units. Based on the initial hypothesis, two research bases were fundamentally considered: a) the dynamics of the Programa Moradia Camponesa for the implementation of sanitary sewage solutions in housing units; b) the different parts involved in promoting sanitary sewage conditions in social housing of the program and the relationships established between them. It was verified that the incorporation of urban technologies in rural areas happens from the structure, bureaucracy and operationalization of the program, inherited from the experiences with the urban housing programs. The issue of sanitation is treated in a secondary way, from the demand for accountability with the guidelines of public policy. Despite culminating in the same object (the house), public policies on housing of social interest and basic sanitation remain fragmented in programs and initiatives in rural regions.Item Educação ambiental em parques urbanos da cidade de Goiânia/GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-05-31) Silva, Ariana Cárita de Assis Marinho; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4995825091971711; Echeverría, Agustina Rosa; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Santos, Oyana Rodrigues dosThe established environmental crisis demands efforts for a change on the relationship that humanity set with the nature. The environmental education, in its critical dimension, is capable of forming subject citizens with planetary awareness to intervene in the socio-environmental issues. In this way, the non-formal educational practices in parks, for example, show a high potential to further the citizen experience that accesses a large public, independent on age or social class. In the city of Goiânia/GO the environmental issue is massively approached both in the speech of leaders as the policies that regulate the actions of the Public Authorities. This city has a great potential for development of environmental education process in Protected Areas, since the number of areas of conservationist interest is high, according to the municipal management. In that light, this research aimed to analyze the Environmental Education in Goiânia Protected Areas, assessing the environmental speech of Goiânia’s administration and public policies if this materialize in Environmental Education actions in goianienses municipal Protected Areas, analyzing aspects of conceptions and perceptions of the persons connected the parks that interfere in the Environmental Education process and, finally, identify the structural design guiding this non-formal Environmental Education in a non-school context. Through an analysis, mainly qualitative, questionnaires and interviews were applied to managers and community bound seven parks in many different Goiânia’s regions, beyond as analysis of the law and speeches of municipal management. Although municipal laws present bases of a critical environmental education and committed to social change, conceptions of frequenter community and managers of parks were shown adjusted to the ideas disseminated by the government of an education directed for awareness and individual behavior change, to overcome environmental problems. Besides, the educational practices developed in the areas do not meet the visiting public as a whole and are reduced as the distance from the park towards downtown, revealing the social and special segregation and the inconsistency of the homogeneous views. In this perspective, environmental education in urban parks of Goiania is fundamentally supported by the current Conservative, lacking a comprehensive structuring the entire capital and requiring the consolidation of existing public policies.