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Item Tipagem molecular, detecção de genes de virulência e determinação do potencial patogênico de isolados de Escherichia coli de patos (Cairina moschata), perus (Meleagris gallopavo), galinhas (Gallus gallus)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-28) Almeida, Ana Maria de Souza; Rezende, Cintia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Moraes, Dunya Mara Cardoso; Cervi, Renato Clini; Nunes, Iolanda Aparecida; Porto, Regiane Nascimento GagnoThe general objective of this work is to evaluate the phylogenetics and to detect virulence genes from Escherichia coli isolates from different bird species, as well as to investigate their pathogenic potential in fertile broiler eggs. In the present study three experiments were carried out to analyze, in different aspects, E. coli isolates from different bird species. In experiment 1, E. coli isolated from ducks and turkeys were inoculated into broiler chicks one day to evaluate the pathogenicity of the strains. Fifty isolates of E. coli originating from ducks and 50 isolates from turkeys were tested for the genes iss, iucD, papC and tsh, all commonly found in APEC. Of the 100 isolates of E.coli analyzed, 42% (42/100) detected one or more genes and only 14.2% (6/42) had the four genes studied. After PCR, the positive strains were selected for the four genes common to APEC. Three isolates from ducks and three turkeys were purified separately and six inoculants were inoculated at 107 CFU / mL and inoculated via air sac in one - day - old chicks to evaluate the pathogenicity of these six positive isolates for the four genes. The chicks were evaluated twice a day for ten days in relation to mortality rate, clinical signs and macroscopic findings. The challenged chicks presented respiratory signs (sneezing, nasal discharge and rales) and macroscopic lesions such as aerossaculitis, persistence of the yolk sac, pericarditis and exudate in the nasal sinuses. In view of the results, it is concluded that E.coli originating from both ducks and turkeys are potentially pathogenic for day-old challenged cuttlefish chicks. In the experiment 2, embryos of broiler chickens were challenged with E. coli isolates positive for the iss, tsh, papC and iucD genes from hen, broiler, duck and turkey to analyze the pathological and hematological conditions , besides the performance of broiler chickens kept up to 42 days of age. Embryos with 18 days of incubation were challenged, via air chamber, with 0.1 mL of four different inoculants, according to the treatment, (T2 - E.coli of hen chicken, T3 - E.coli of broiler, T4 - E.coli of duck and T5 - E. coli of turkey) with concentration of 107 CFU / mL and with sterile saline solution (T1 - control group). Embryonic and post - hatch mortality rates, clinical signs, hematological alterations, interference of zootechnical performance and macroscopic findings during the incubation period and rearing up to 42 days of life were evaluated. At 14, 28 and 42 days, one bird from each of the four replicates of the five treatments. Regardless of the species of origin, E.coli isolates were not able to cause significant mortality in embryos challenged at 18 days of incubation. At birth and up to 42 days of age, broiler chickens developed respiratory disease, worsened zootechnical performance and there were no significant haematological changes. In the experiment 3, 33 E. coli isolates from ducks, turkeys, chickens and pigeons were evaluated by PFGE and antimicrobial susceptibility test to characterize their respective phylogenetic profiles and susceptibility to antimicrobials commonly used in poultry farming. E. coli originated from ducks, turkeys, chickens and pigeons grouped into a group with 41.1% similarity. Resistance to different antimicrobials tested (ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, neomycin, sulfametazole, sulfonamide, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and chloranfericol) was observed among the 33 isolates of E. coli, mainly tetracyclines, followed by fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides. It is concluded that E.coli originating from birds have different profiles and behaviors.Item Caracterização do ovo de ema (Rhea americana), qualidade físico-química, microbiológica e proteômica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-16) Cervi, Renato Clini; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5415221996976886; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Gonçalves, Maria Assima Bittar; Reis, Ângela Adamski da Silva; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Jaime, Valéria de SáThe commercial production of large birds in Brazil began to become significant in the 1980s. The development of emas farms for egg production represents an alternative for the diversification of farming activities, coming in line with the projects established by the FAO for the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources, which establishes the introduction of an agroecological production matrix for social and environmental sustainability. With the growing interest in the creation of wild bird species, there is an opportunity to use their eggs for consumption in food and industrial processing. Compared with laying hens eggs, knowledge of the physicochemical and microbiological properties of rat eggs is scarce, and as a consequence, the parameters of poultry eggs are often used as a model to describe eggs of ostriches, emus and greater rhea. In order to add knowledge about greater eggs for commercial use, this work was carried out with the determination of the physico-chemical composition, the profile of natural and experimental bacterial contamination with Salmonella Gallinarum, the study of albumen and gem proteins and evaluation of rheological characteristics of the eggs of emas stored for 28 days at a temperature of 10ºC and analyzed in periods of one, seven, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results obtained in the experiments determined the characteristics of the egg composition of greater, aspects of natural and experimental microbiological contamination, composition and protein degradation. The results obtained in the present experiment indicated a product differentiated in the aspects studied and corroborate for the promising growth of raticulture as a sustainable livestock activity, new raw materials for the food industry and production of high quality animal protein for human consumption.Item Detecção dos genes spvC e prot6E e avaliação da infecciosidade de Salmonella sp. em poedeiras comerciais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-06) Figueira, Samantha Verdi; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Moraes, Dunya Mara Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9632713129112672; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Faria, Adriana Marques; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues Taveira; Stringhini, José Henrique; Teixeira, Weslen Fabrício PiresThe pathogenesis of Salmonella includes different factors, such as plasmidial genes, which because they are mobile genetic mechanisms can increase the bacterial genetic diversity contributing to the modification of virulence and adaptation to the hosts. The present work was developed to detect the presence of the virulence genes spvC and prot6E in different serovars of Salmonella enteric present in the metropolitan region of Goiânia and to verify the ability of these serovars to express their pathogenicity in embryonated eggs, neonates and laying hens and to cause contamination in eggs in experimental models. In Experiment 1, isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis, Gallinarum, Heidelberg, Infantis, Schwarzengrund and Typhimurium were obtained from organs of sick bird, eggs and environment of poultry chain and were investigated the presence of spvC and prot6E genes by real-time PCR. Of the 47 isolates, 15 (31.9%) were positive for the spvC gene and five (10.6%) for the prot6E gene. It is concluded that Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Gallinarum, isolated from the bird and eggs contain the spvC genes. The prot6E gene was detected in the serovars Salmonella Enteritidis, Heidelberg and Typhimurium from egg samples. The serovars of Salmonella Heidelberg, Infantis, Schwarzengrund and Typhimurium from environmental samples do not have the plasmid genes spvC and prot6E. In experiment 2, two isolates of Salmonella Gallinarum, one positive and one negative for the spvC gene, were inoculated into embryos and neonates of laying birds to investigate whether the presence of the spvC gene in the Gallinarum serovar is able to determine embryonic mortality, affect the quality of the neonate and chick, production parameters and cause systemic disease in young birds. It was observed high mortality of the groups inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum in alantoid route with one and 14 days of incubation, independent of the presence of the spvC gene. No embryonic mortality, changes in neonatal weight / egg weight and changes in neonatal quality were observed for birds inoculated through a 19-day in air chamber. Salmonella Gallinarum without and with the spvC gene was recovered from the heart, spleen, liver and ceca of birds inoculated in the air chamber, whereas for the oral inoculated group, the pathogen without the gene was recovered only in the ceca and the pathogen with the gene was recovered from spleen and cecum. Salmonella inoculation led to decreased weight gain and altered biometry of the heart and intestine. It is concluded that Salmonella Gallinarum is capable of causing embryonic mortality in embryos inoculated with one and 14 days in the allantoic cavity. The presence of the spvC gene in Salmonella Gallinarum does not affect embryo mortality, incubation parameters and systemic dissemination for birds inoculated in the air chamber. For birds inoculated by the oral route, the presence of the spvC gene determines enteric and systemic infection, whereas the isolate without the gene remains restricted to the cecum. In Experiment 3, the Salmonella Heidelberg isolate positive for the prot6E gene in experiment 1 was inoculated in laying hens in the oral, intravaginal and intravenous routes in order to investigate their ability to cause clinical disease, egg and gastrointestinal tract contamination. The pathogen was isolated in the excreta, only 12 hours after inoculation in 33% of the birds inoculated from oral route and 66% of the birds inoculated intravaginal route. In the eggs, the pathogen was isolated at 24 and 48 hours, seven and 15 days. It is concluded that the presence of the prot6E gene in Salmonella Heidelberg is not sufficient to cause clinical salmonellosis in laying hens, but it determines contamination of the eggs and the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, regardless of the route of inoculation, oral, intravaginal and intravenous.Item Detecção de Salmonella sp., Mycoplasma spp. e Escherichia coli de aves sinantrópicas da região metropolitana de Goiânia-Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-04-12) Hidasi, Hilari Wanderley; Linhares, Guido Fontgalland Coelho; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Felippe, Paulo Anselmo Nunes; Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos; Duarte, Sabrina Castilho; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra eAves sinantrópicas aproximam-se de atividades humanas em busca de abrigo, água e alimento, podendo percorrer grandes distâncias para tanto. Em busca de informações acerca da importância dessas aves na transmissão de agentes patogênicos de importância na avicultura comercial, foi realizado estudo com 260 aves de comportamento sinantrópico, sendo 200 pombos comuns (Columba livia) e 60 urubus de cabeça preta (Coragyps atratus), na região metropolitana de Goiânia - Goiás. Foram colhidas amostras de fezes, soro e suabes traqueais que foram submetidos a testes para detecção de Salmonella sp. por bacteriologia convencional e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real (rPCR), Mycoplasma galisepticum e M. synoviae pela Soroaglutinação Rápida em Placa (SAR) e rPCR, além de isolamento de Escherichia coli pela bacteriologia convencional com detecção de genes de virulência de E. coli patogênica para aves (APEC) pela PCR e perfil de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos dos isolados. Os resultados observados, na pesquisa de Salmonella sp. das amostras de pombos, 13% (26/200) foram positivas no exame bacteriológico e 27% (54/200) das amostras positivas no rPCR. Do total de 60 amostras obtidas dos urubus, nenhuma amostra foi positiva no bacteriológico convencional e 8,3% (5/60) foram positivas no rPCR. Para a pesquisa de Mycoplasma, das amostras colhidas dos pombos, 7,5% (15/200) amostras foram reativas no teste sorológico, sendo 4,5% (9/200) positivas para M. galliisepticum e 3% (6/200) para M. synoviae. Já no rPCR, 2,5% (5/200) foram positivas para M. gallisepticum. Das amostras colhidas dos urubus, nenhuma foi positiva nos dois testes aos quais foram submetidas. Foi isolado E. coli das excretas e detectado pela PCR os genes de virulência papC, tsh, iuc e iss, com resultado para amostras de pombos de 11,23%(20/178) para iuc, 2,24% (4/178) papC, 11,79% (21/179) tsh e 6, 17% (11/178). Para urubus 8,16% (4/49) iuc, 14,28% (7/49) tsh, 6,12% (3/49) iss, e nenhuma positiva para papC. Adicionalmente, os isolados de E. coli foram submetidos a teste de perfil de resistência à antibióticos em que se obteve: sulfametazina122/178 (68,53%), ampicilina 130/178 (73,03%), ciprofloxacina 40/178 (22,47%), apramicina 57/178 (32,02%), sulfametropin 110/178 (61,79%), enrofloxacina 71/178 (39,88%), tetraciclina 119/178 (66,85%), sulfonamida 123/172 (69,10%), neomicina 59/178 (33,14%), doxaciclina 67/178 (37,64%), oxitetraciclina 51/178(28,65%), gentamicina 42/178 (23,59%), ceftiofur 79/178 (44,38%), amoxicilina + ac. clavulânico 92/178 (51,68%) de resistência nas amostras isoladas de pombos, e em amostras isoladas de urubus: sulfametazina 36/49 (73,46%), ampicilina 39/49 (79,59%), ciprofloxacina 12/49 (24,48%), apramicina 9/49(18,36%), sulfametropin 30/49 (61,22%), enrofloxacina 7/49 (14,28%), tetraciclina 27/49 (55,10%), sulfonamida 32/49 (65,30%), neomicina 12/49 (24,48%), doxaciclina 11/49 (22,44%), neomicina 9/49 (18,36%), oxitetraciclina 11/49 (22,44%), gentamicina 10/49 (20,40%), ceftiofur 12/49 (24,48%), associação de amoxicilina e ácido clavulânico 31/49 (63,26%) de resistência. Os resultados sugerem que essas aves de comportamento sinantrópico, são potenciais veiculadores de agentes causadores de perdas na produção avícola e preocupantes para a saúde pública. Além disso, podem constituir em suporte de transferência de fenótipos de E.coli resistentes.Item Utilização do extrato etanólico de jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) no controle de Salmonella Heidelberg na produção de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-23) Leonídio, Angélica Ribeiro Araújo; Pôrto, Regiani Nascimento Gagno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6367040339353532; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Moraes, Dunya Mara Cardoso; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Brainer, Mônica Maria de Almeida; Carvalho, Fabyola BarrosThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of the ethanolic extract of of bark and seeds of Myrciaria cauliflora in the incubation of fertile eggs and in the feeding of broilers inoculated with Salmonella Heidelberg, observing possible beneficial and or protective effects of this phytogenic on health systemic effects of birds. Three experiments were carried out at the Experimental Center for Bird Diseases and Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Veterinary and Zootechnical School of the Federal University of Goiás. In the first experiment was evaluated the antimicrobial in vitro activity was evaluated and the minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extract of M. cauliflora on Salmonella enterica different strains. In the second experiment, 320 fertile eggs distributed in randomized design were used in four treatments with 10 replicates each: CN - negative control group; EJ - group that received only the extract in the shell; SH - group that received only the bacterial inoculum in the shell; and SH + EJ - group that received the bacterial inoculum and the extract in the shell. The eggs incubated non-hatched were submitted to embryodiagnosis and processed for Salmonella in the embryos. The chicks born were housed until 10 days of age, during which time the collection and processing of samples for Salmonella research, serum biochemistry and hemogram were performed. In the third experiment, 336 one - day - old male chicks were distributed in randomized design in four treatments with seven replicates each: CN - negative control group; EJ - group that received only the vegetal extract in the diet; SH - group that received the inoculum bacterial in crop; and SH + EJ - group that received the bacterial inoculum in crop and the extract in the diet. Performance indexes, fecal excretion and presence of Salmonella in organs, organ biometry, intestinal histomorphometry, goblet cell counts and immune cells in organs and blood were evaluated. In the first experiment, the extract presented low inhibitory action on the strains of Salmonella enterica,, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium. In the second experiment it was verified that the extract promoted less hatchability and higher embryonic mortality. The Salmonella isolation was higher in the embryo and meconium samples of the group that received the extract. At 10 days of age the extract reduced the excretion and colonization of the organs by Salmonella and the hematocrit and serum cholesterol level. In the third experiment it was verified that the extract increased the excretion of Salmonella in the inoculated birds and reduced the number of lymphocytes in the blood. It is concluded that the use of the ethanolic extract of bark and seeds of M. cauliflora presented weak antimicrobial activity in vitro for the strains of Salmonella enterica tested. In embryonated eggs its use is not feasible, however when added in the diet, it can stimulate the production of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs.Item Investigação bacteriológica e molecular de salmonella sp. em granjas de postura comercial(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-11) Moraes, Dunya Mara Cardoso; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Stringhini, Maria Luiza; Duarte, Sabrina Castilho; Linhares, Guido Fontgalland Coelho; Mesquita, Albenones José deThe purpose of this research was to investigate presence of Salmonella sp. by conventional bacterial identification and real-time PCR on eggshell, albumen, and yolk of washed and unwashed commercial white and brown eggs; in samples of flooring material from transport crates (meconium); raising environment (swab of cages and drinking fountains); cloacal swab; food and insects from growing, rearing and production phases in a commercial group of laying hens. Also, was examinated the susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolates to 14 antimicrobials: sulfamethoxazole (25μg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (25μg), enrofloxacin (5μg), tetracyclin (30μg) sulphonamides (300μg), ciprofloxacin (10μg), amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (3μg), ampicillin (20μg), ceftiofur (30μg), gentamicin (10μg), oxytetracycline (30μg), neomycin (30μg), doxycycline (30μg) and apramycin (15μg); and evaluated the presence of virulence gene spvC and resistence genes intl1, sul1 and blaTEM. A total of 68 dozens of white eggs and 61 dozens of brown eggs were randomly collected in poultry houses and 30 dozens and 34 dozens of white and brown eggs, respectively, were collected in egg-storage room (on the farm). Each collected dozen corresponded to three sample units: eggshell, albumen and yolk, totaling 387 samples. Salmonella spp. was detected by conventional bacteriology in 5.4% of analyzed samples and in 16% by qPCR. Salmonella Agona represented 18.2% of identified serovars, Salmonella enterica subs. enterica O:4.5 18.2%, Salmonella Schwarzengrund 18.2%, Salmonella Cerro 13.6%, Salmonella Anatum 13.6%, Salmonella Enteritidis 9.1%, Salmonella Johannesburg 4.5%, Salmonella Corvallis 4.5%, Salmonella Livingstone and Salmonella Senftenberg. From 864 samples collected (248 samples originated from growing, 392 from rearing and 224 from production phase), 2,8% where positives in bacteriologic technique and 15,3% in qPCR. Contamination was higher in growing and rearing phases and declined in production phase. Twenty four isolations of Salmonella where typified as Salmonella Agona (41,7%), Salmonella Livingstone (33,3%), Salmonella Cerro (16,7%), Salmonella Senftenberg (4,2%) and Salmonella Schwarzengrund (4,2%). The highest resistance percentage observed were to sulfamethoxazole (91,0%), sulphonamides (51%) and ceftiofur (28,9%) and 0% to ciprofloxacin. Only Salmonella Johannesburg and Salmonella Corvallis showed resistance to only one antibiotic and others serovars were resistant to at least two antimicrobials, noting that Salmonella Schwarzengrund presented resistance to 13 of them. The gene spvC was dectected only in serovar Enteritidis, while intl1 was present in six of ten analyzed serovars and the gene sul1 in three of them, always in association with intl1. The gene blaTEM was not identified. In conclusion, this research points numerous serovars circulating in commercial egg structures and phenotypic antimicrobials resistance investigation, along with antimicrobial resistance genes in isolates of Salmonella sp. are important investigation tools to determinate genetic profile of these bacteria.Item Efeitos do açafrão (Curcuma longa L.) em frangos de corte inoculados experimentalmente com Salmonella Typhimurium(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-05-31) Nascimento, Gisele Mendanha; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues Taveira; Gomes, Natali Almeida; Moraes, Dunnya Mara Cardoso; Café, Marcos BarcellosIt was aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of Curcuma longa in Salmonella Typhimurium control on performance, intestinal integrity, fecal excretion of Salmonella, lymphocyte count in secondary lymphoid organs, histopathology, biochemical profile and Salmonella research in organs of experimentally inoculated broilers. A total of 672 male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement (doses of Curcuma longa x inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium), distributed in eight treatments and six replications. The birds were orally inoculated, on the first day of age, with 0.5 ml of buffered saline solution containing 1.2 x 104 CFU/mL of Salmonella Typhimurium. Treatment 1 consisted in the control group, with no addition of Curcuma longa and no inoculation of Salmonella typhimurium; treatments 2, 3 and 4 consisted in the groups receiving Curcuma longa at doses of 1%, 2% and 3% in the feed, respectively. Treatment 5 is the group which received only Salmonella Typhimurium inoculation; treatments 6, 7 and 8 received Curcuma longa at doses of 1%, 2% and 3% in the feed, respectively, besides inoculation of Salmonella typhimurium in the crop. It was noted statistical difference in performance, with better results in birds supplemented with 1% of Curcuma longa, and not inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium, since the regression analysis of the final weight and weight gain showed the best dose for the two variables was 0.82%. At 21 days old, the regression showed a linear effect on weight gain and feed intake. At 35 days old, the regression showed a quadratic effect for weight gain and feed intake. The dose of 1% turmeric prevented intestinal colonization by Salmonella.Dosage and inoculation also influenced the histomorphometry and the pH of the intestinal segments. It was found, at seven days, Salmonella was isolated from the liver of birds in the control group and birds in the group treated with 1% of Curcuma longa. Salmonella Typhimurium was not isolated in the spleen, in any of the studied ages. At seven, 21 and 35 days old, birds orally inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium had higher lymphocyte counts in the spleen when compared to not inoculated birds. There was no significant difference in histopathological evaluations of liver, kidney, and cecal tonsils. At 21 days old, there was a higher frequency of mucous in the duodenum of birds supplemented with 1 and 3% of turmeric. It was found in biochemical profile, at 14 days old, changes in levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol and triglycerides, and regression analysis showed a linear effect for creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). At 36 days old, in glucose levels, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein and globulin, regression analysis showed a linear effect for total protein and globulin, and quadratic effect for uric acid. In conclusion, the inclusion of 1% of Curcuma longa in the feed improves the final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion, as well as inhibited the intestinal colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium and preserved intestinal integrity. The inclusion of 1% has also altered the biochemical profile, with a reduction in cholesterol levels.Item Genes de virulência em Escherichia coli isolada de frangos de corte de criações industriais e alternativas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-12-13) Rocha, Tatiane Martins; Stringhini, José Henrique; Nunes, Iolanda Aparecida; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos; Coelho, Karyne Oliveira; Café, Marcos Barcelos; Linhares, Guido Fontgalland(Sem resumo em outra língua)Item A vigilância de primatas não humanos e a febre amarela silvestre no Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-09-19) Romano, Alessandro Pecego Martins; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; Marinho, Maria Lucia Gambarini; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Resende, Cintia Silva Minafra e; Linhares, Guido Fontgallad Coelho; Araújo, Wildo Navegantes; Obara, Marcos TakashiThis study sought to describe the use of surveillance of non-human primates in surveillance of Sylvatic Yellow Fever and evaluate the usefulness in the prevention of human cases in Brazil. The epizootic surveillance began its records in 1999 and expanded the activity and the number of notifications after 2006, when the deaths or illnesses of nonhuman primates came to be considered an event of epidemiological relevance and therefore compulsory notification, as currently defines the ordinance 104/GM/MS/2011. 2748 epidemics were recorded in non-human primates in Brazil. The confirmation of yellow fever occurred in 8.8% of notifications. It was characteristic of yellow fever during the study period, two epizootic epidemic periods, with dispersal occurring from areas of Northern and central west with subsequent spread to the South and Southeast regions. During the study period yellow fever hit areas unvaccinated populations where the activity of epizootic surveillance helped to identify affected areas preventing human cases were recorded. The surveillance of NHP revealed the involvement of other infectious agents possibly involved in epizootics reported and highlights the potential contribution of this surveillance strategy for other infectious causes of public health importance and has been identified as seropositive for other arboviruses in primate populations in free life, demonstrating that this surveillance strategy animal may be useful to other map areas of occurrence of other arboviruses. The surveillance strategy allowed animals to detect areas of circulation of YF virus and direct vaccination campaigns, especially in outbreak situations, preventing human cases of the disease and demonstrating its utility and contribution to the monitoring of YF. This monitoring strategy can be enhanced by broadening their purposes as may possibly contribute to the surveillance of other diseases as an important interface of human and animal health.Item Inoculação experimental de Salmonella Enteritidis em perus e controle da infecção com o uso da lactulose na dieta(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-09-12) Santana, Eliete Souza; Stringhini, José Henrique; Pôrto, Regiani Nascimento Gagno; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Luna, Antonio Muñoz; Parente, Leila Maria Leal; Rezende, Cintia Silva Minafra e; Café, Marcos BarcellosThree experiments were performed aiming to elucidate aspects concerning the pathogenesis, clinical, pathological and immunological changes in turkeys inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis, as well as the control and performace variables, with the use of lactulose. Experiment 1 consisted of three treatments and a control group. A second group inoculated with 6.0x102 CFU/mL and a third one inoculated with 7.0x105 CFU/mL of Salmonella Enteritidis. Within 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24, and three, four, 38 and 49 days post-inoculation, two birds per treatment were sacrificed and vitelline sacs, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and ceca were coleted for Salmonella research, lymphocytes levels, and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was isolated in organs studied in both tests and the lymphocytes levels decreased. Was observed that the dose influences the penetration, dissemination, and persistence of the pathogen elimination in turkeys. In Experiment 2, 160 turkeys were distributed into four treatments within 6.0x102CFU/mL, 7.0x105 CFU/mL, 8.0x109 CFU/mL of Salmonella Enteritidis and a control group. With 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 and three, four, 38 and 49 days were sampled blood, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius of two birds per treatment for electrophoretic, bacteriological and histopathological analysis, and also lymphocyte levels. There were differences in total serum protein data, as well as in bacterial isolation and tissue changes from 6 hours to 4 days before. The decrease of lymphocytes levels were registered from 3 hours post-inoculation. High mortality levels were observed in all groups in the first week, of which the main clinical and histopathological changes, as well the mortality levels were more evident in the group that received the highest dose. Was observed that serum proteins values, liver histopathological lesions, and decrease of lymphocytes levels occurs primarily in the first days post-infection. Experiment 3 consisted of 280 turkeys distributed in four treatments: placebo, control of lactulose; inoculated with 7.0x105 UFC/mL of Salmonella Enteritidis and inoculated with 7.0x105 UFC/mL of Salmonella Enteritidis and treated with lactulose. At seven, 21, 42 and 60 days were performed analisis of accomplishment. One bird of each quota was sacrificed and collected duodenum and jejunum from each for histomorphometric analysis, and ceca and inglúvios for enumerations of Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus, Salmonella, pH measurements and biometric examination of intestines. Still, were collected liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and the gastrointestinal tract for bacteriological, histopathological, lymphocyte levels, and biometric examination. Were observed a lower weight gain in the group that received only the pathogen and increased only in patients that receiving lactulose. Were observed a higher correlation villous: crypt in the duodenum and jejunum of lactulose and placebo groups at seven and 21 days. Higher levels of UFC of Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae were observed in the groups that receivied lactulose. Salmonella Enteritidis infections determine histopatological changes, decrease of lymphocyte levels and mortality. Lactulose increases beneficial bacteria, reduces the colonization of Salmonella, Promotes intestinal development and improved the animal performance, minimizes lymphocyte and tissue changes, reducing mortality and carrier state.