Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)
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Navegando Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA) por Por Orientador "Duarte, João Batista"
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Item Interação genótipo x ambiente em soja com ênfase na estratificação ambiental para a região central do Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-12-19) Branquinho, Rodrigo Gomes; Duarte, João Batista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4117228759548186; Duarte, João Batista; Chaves, Lázaro José; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Pacheco, Roberto MirandaThe objective of this study was to establish a consistent environmental stratification for the region of soybean cropping in Central Brazil, based on genotype by environment (GE) interaction analysis. For this, yield data from variety trials conducted by Embrapa Cerrados in partnership with others Brazilian institutions, during seven growing seasons (2002/03 to 2008/09), were used. The study covered six experimental sets that were related to the genotypes of three maturity groups (early, medium and late), and two commercial groups (soybean conventional and transgenic RR), totaling 559 trials analyzed. The statistical treatment of data was performed in two stages: first, analyses of variance were performed for each experiment, from which the estimates of treatment mean (combination of genotype and environment) were obtained. In the second stage the joint and GE interaction analyses were performed. Thus, the yield mean of each genotype in each environment were submitted to the AMMI analysis (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction model), that led to choose a model with only one principal component (AMMI1). As result of this analysis, the genotypes and environments were jointly represented in a scatter plot called biplot (graph that display the rows and columns of a matrix; in this case, genotypes and environments are marginal in this table). To stratify the target region, the approach of winner genotypes (Gauch & Zobel, 1997; Crop Sci. 37: 311-326) was used. In this approach each stratum is composed by locations that shared a same winner genotype (one that is the higher yielding mean ranking of a location). In the AMMI1 biplot, the boundaries of each stratum were identified by horizontal lines drawn from the ordinate points (scores) corresponding to the environment of transition between two strata, which are characterized by their winner genotypes. With this information, the environmental strata were established for each growing year and experimental set. The maturity groups of assessed lines determined the environmental stratification obtained. Thus, the following locations were grouped to other localities, presenting a characteristic of redundancy: a) early maturity group (seven strata): (Campo Novo do Parecis, Maracajú, São Miguel do Araguaia, Tangará da Serra); (Conquista, Nuporanga, Sidrolândia, Sorriso); (Cristalina, Iraí, Sacramento); (Montividiu, Sonora, Tapurah); (Capinópolis, Senador Canedo); (Guaíra, Morro Agudo); and (Lucas do Rio Verde, Sapezal); b) medium maturity group (four strata): (Anápolis, Montividiu, Tangará da Serra); (Barreiras, Campo Novo do Parecis, Uberaba-Chapadões); (Chapadão do Sul, Conquista, Maracajú, Sonora); and (São Gabriel, Sorriso, Uberaba-Epamig); c) late maturity group (five strata): (Campo Novo do Parecis, Planaltina, Senador Canedo, Tapurah); (Iraí, Sacramento, Sonora); (Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso); (Goiatuba, Tangará da Serra); and (Barreiras, São Desidério). Were also identified key-locations to conduct the trials in the final stage of genotypic evaluation (advanced variety trials): a) early maturity group: Anápolis, Barretos, Campos de Júlio, Capinópolis, Chapadão do Céu, Chapadão do Sul, Goiatuba, Igarapava, Jataí, Luziânia, Morro Agudo, Planaltina, Primavera do Leste, Sacramento, São Gabriel do Oeste, São Miguel do Araguaia, Sapezal, Sidrolândia, Sonora, Uberaba-Chapadões, Uberaba-Epamig e Unaí;b) medium maturity group: Barreiras, Barretos, Campo Alegre, Campos de Júlio,Capinópolis, Chapadão do Céu, Chapadão do Sul, Cristalina, Goiatuba, Iraí, Jataí, Lucas do Rio Verde, Luziânia, Montividiu, Perolândia, Planaltina, Primavera do Leste, Rio Verde, Sacramento, São Desidério, Senador Canedo, Sorriso e Unaí; c) late maturity group: Anápolis, Campo Alegre, Campo Novo do Parecis, Campos de Júlio, Capinópolis, Chapadão do Céu, Chapadão do Sul, Cristalina, Goiatuba, Jataí, Luziânia, Montividiu, Primavera do Leste, Rio Verde, São Desidério, São Gabriel do Oeste, Sonora, Sorriso, Uberaba-Chapadões, Uberaba-Epamig e Unaí. Finally, among the locations recommended for the network of advanced trials, one was also appointed as key-location to conduct the initial stages of genotypes assessment in each maturity group. The locations Campos de Júlio (to early group), Rio Verde (medium and late groups) were in order indicated because resulted the best rankings of the winner genotypes through the target region.Item Caracterização genética de atributos do desenvolvimento radicular em algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-28) Ribeiro, Victor Alves; Brito, Giovani Greigh de; Duarte, João Batista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4117228759548186; Duarte, João Batista; Morello, Camilo de Lelis; Oliveira, Jaison Pereira de; Giband, MarcThe objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize root growth in cotton genotypes, and identify the most appropriate time to evaluate the related traits in rhizotrons systems. It was also tried to estimate the genetic parameters inherent in these traits, among which were included the total length, surface area, total volume and average diameter of roots. Thus, two different studies were developed. The first consisted in an experiment to characterize ten cotton genotypes, in rhizotrons. This experiment was conducted in randomized block design with split plot in time, and four replications. Six evaluations were made per plots, at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after seedling emergence. Each measure was resulted of the image captured from a rhizotron (experimental unit). The variance analysis was made, and Scott & Knott test was used to cluster the genotype means. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the time effect within genotypes. The phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations between each pair of traits were also estimated. The daily root growth per genotype was also observed, applying the same method of mean grouping for the genotypic discrimination. The second study was also conducted in rhizotrons system, in order to estimate the genetic parameters related to the same traits. Two crosses were performed involving contrasting parents: CD 408 x CNPA GO 2008-1265 and CD 408 x CNPA GO 2007-423. Each cross was assessed in a different experiment conducted as completely randomized design with six treatments (parents, and F1, F2, RC1 and RC2 generations). The data analysis allowed identifying outstanding genotypes for each trait, as well as the most appropriate time for the respective assessment. It was found high correlations among the evaluated traits. The estimation of genetic parameters allowed approximate inferences about the minimal number of genes involved in the genetic control of these traits. The main conclusions were: i) there is genetic variability in the evaluated characters related to development and growth of root in cotton upland; ii) the evaluation of these traits at 35 days after seedling emergence enables better genetic discrimination for selection purposes; iii) the lines CNPA GO 2008-1265 and CNPA GO 2002-2043 are predominantly superior than other genotypes, especially in the total length root; iv) CNPA GO 2007-423 genotype is outstanding in relation to others by its higher total volume of roots; v) there are high genetic associations among the traits total length, total area, total volume, and total diameter of roots; and vi) the estimated number of genes involved in the genetic control of these traits indicate oligogenic inheritance, although there is also evidence of strong environmental influence, suggesting also the possibility of polygenic or mixed inheritance (major genes and polygenes).Item Influência do tipo de crescimento, época e densidade de semeadura em caracteres morfoagronômicos de cultivares de soja(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-20) Vaz Bisneta, Mariana; Mello Filho, Odilon Lemos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3263567225962608; Duarte, João Batista; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787284U1; Duarte, João Batista; Brasil, Edward Madureira; Godoi, Cláudio Roberto Cardoso de; Mello Filho, Odilon Lemos deIn Brazil determinate stem termination soybean plants with long juvenile period are traditionally grown. In the last five years, indeterminate and semideterminate soybean plants, especially early maturity varieties in early sowing dates, were adopted in different latitudes, aiming to cultivate a second crop. When grown on different densities, soybean plants have compensation mechanisms on stem height, number of branches and pods per plant. The objectives of this study were: i) evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant density on soybean morphoagronomic traits of soybean cultivars with different stem termination; ii) correlate grain yield with morphoagronomic traits in each type of growth and sowing date, and yield components with each other in each type of growth and density; iii) perform discrimination among types of growth in soybean cultivars, identifying sowing conditions that cause changes in the response of morphological traits with ambiguity in the phenotypic expression of growth types. Three experiments were: early October (10.02.13), mid November (11.18.13) and early January (08.01.14) in the experimental area of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão in Santo Antonio de Goiás, Brazil (16°29’S, 49°17’W), at 2013/2014 season. Trials were performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included two factors, stem termination and plant population density. Four cultivars were used for each stem termination; determined, semideterminate and indeterminate. The plant densities corresponded to 50%, 100% and 150% of commercial recommendation to each variety. The traits assessed were number of days to flowering, number of days to maturity, plant height at flowering, height of first pod, plant height at maturity, growth percentage after flowering, number of nodes on main stem, number of branches on main stem, number of pods per node, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, one hundred grain weight and yield. For most assessed traits, soybean plants of each type of growth respond differently to changes on sowing date and plant density. Only in November sowing, the determinate type of growth showed lower yield comparing to the others types. The increase in plant density causes higher plants on flowering and maturity, less number of nodes and branches in the main stem, and lower average on yield components. Regardless of the type of growth, in the first sowing date yield showed greater correlation, positive, with number of seeds per pod; however, in other sowing dates this correlation occurred with one hundred grain weight. Plant density has more influence on the associations among yield components in the determinate and indeterminate growth types, than in the semideterminate type. The greatest variation in morphoagronomic traits was observed between determinate stem termination and the other types of growth. Most change on classification of type of growth (ambiguity) occurs in late sowing and high plant density. The percentages of growth after flowering and main stem node and branches numbers are the most important traits on type of growth discrimination.