Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)
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Navegando Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA) por Por Orientador "Pereira, Helton Santos"
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Item Estratégias de melhoramento do feijoeiro-comum para altos teores de ferro e zinco(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-20) Martins, Saulo Muniz; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4763166D1; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4766267Z4; Pereira, Helton Santos; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Colombari Filho, José Manoel; Melo, Leonardo CunhaDuring 85 years, the common beans breeding was dedicated efforts to important agronomic, industrial and cooking traits. During this period, the nutritional quality of primary food was not worked. However, with malnutrition rates rising, research entities directed resources in this new strategy, known as biofortification. The objectives of this study were: to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters among inbred lines for iron (TFe) and zinc content (TZn) in grain; verify the presence of genotypes with environments interaction for TFe and TZn in the grain; select strains that add both high nutritional quality in the grain and high agronomic potential; check for genetic relationship between TFe and the TZn; and verify the need for testing in various environments for TFe and TZn. Initially, 140 lines were evaluated, 68 of carioca, 30 black, 16 pinto, 14 early carioca and 12 purple type. Each preliminary test was carried out separately by grain type, in some environments, in 2011 year, in case blocks with three replications. Agronomic traits were evaluated in multiple environments and levels of iron and zinc, in one of these environments. Individual analyses of variance were performed and estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters for commercial grain type. Of the 140 lines evaluated were initially identified 22 with high TFe and TZn in the grain, to compose the validation test, which was installed in 2013 year in five environments, in a randomized block design, with two replications for evaluation of TFe and TZn. The data were submitted to individual variance analysis and joint analysis. Also adaptability and phenotypic stability was evaluated using the method of Nunes et al. (2005). Estimates were obtained from phenotypic and genetic correlations between TFe and TZn in grain, correlation between environments estimates were also obtained to identify the most representative. The condition for selection of inbred lines with higher TFe and TZn the grain is favorable, as showed high heritability and expressive expected gains with the selection. There was a predominance of the interaction of simple type between TFe and TZn with the environments. The inbred lines CNFP 15701, CNFC 15865, CNFM 15632 and CNFRx 15602 are indicated as parents in developing cultivars, for added good nutritional composition in the grain. The inbred lines CNFC 15833, CNFC 15703, CNFP 15676 and CNFRx 15602 been selected as candidates in developing biofortified crops because allied agronomic and nutritional characters. Was detected positive genetic association and intermediate magnitude between TFe and TZn in common bean grain. The environment Ponta Grossa-PR in the dry season, It was nominated as the best review site for nutritional characters. The display of biofortified cultivate cultivation environment should be considered, since this strongly influences the expression of genetic potential.Item Marcadores SSR e STS ligados ao gene Co-4 que controla a reação à antracnose do feijoeiro comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-10-28) Mota, Ana Paula Simplício; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9650183308779143; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729719587905292; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Sousa, Lorenna Lopes de; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira deThe aim of this study was to validate molecular markers specifically associated with alleles of the Co-4 gene that controls the reaction to anthracnose of common bean, in particular the Co- 42 allele, and foment the integration of these markers in breeding programs aimed at developing resistant cultivars. For this, we evaluated 261 individuals F2 and 197 F2:3 progenies coming from crosses between SEL 1308 (carrier of Co-42 allele) and BRS Cometa. The studies confirm that the inheritance of reaction to anthracnose in SEL1308, using race 73 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, it is conditioned by an allele with complete dominance. In all, 15 markers were analyzed, ten STS (Sequence-Tagged Sites) and two SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat), recently identified by the Embrapa research group, and three SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions) previously reported in the literature. Of these, 13 were polymorphic between the parents and segregated in the expected proportions to generations analyzed (3:1 or 1:2:1). Among the markers linked in repulsion phase, six STS (P8283-V1, P8284 -V1, P8285-V2, P8286-V1, P8286-V2 and P8286-V3) co-segregated at a distance of 2,64 cM from the allele Co-42 and 0,0 cM apart. As regards the SCAR markers, it was found that all are linked in coupling phase of the Co-42 allele at distances ranging from 2,93 cM (SAS13) at 6,42 cM (SH18). Of codominant markers, the STS P8286-V6 was mapped closest to Co-42 allele at a distance of 2,58 cM. Thus, the STS tested are excellent tools markers for assisted selection of genotypes resistant to anthracnose, since that present the highest selection efficiency estimates (84 - 99%) and the detection of plants carriers of different alleles of the Co-4 gene. However, only the SCAR SH18 possible the specific breakdown of Co- 42 allele, despite having less selection efficiency (85%) compared to the other analyzed markers. Therefore, it is recommend the combined or sequential use of P8286-V6 and SH18 markers for Co-42 selection at the expense of other alleles of the Co-4 gene. As for the selection of resistant genotypes in populations in which only the Co-42 allele is present, it is suggested to use only the P8286-V6 marker, which stands out for being codominant and strongly associated with the resistance allele. From a practical standpoint, the molecular markers validated in this study have shown great potential for use in the development of common bean cultivars resistant to anthracnose, being affordable to laboratories with different levels of infrastructure and highly efficient in monitoring genotypes carriers of resistance alleles of the loco Co-4.Item Melhoramento de feijoeiro-comum com grãos pretos para resistência a murcha-de-fusário(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-20) Pereira, Débora Gonçalves; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729719587905292; Pereira, Helton Santos; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Rodrigues, FabrícioThe fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporium f sp phaseoli, is considered one of the most important diseases affecting the common bean crop, especially in areas of intense and successive crops in the winter crop. There is little information about the variability of the pathogen and few common bean cultivars used in Brazil are resistant. The objectives of this study were to identify lines of common bean, previously characterized as resistant to fusarium wilt under controlled conditions, which combine resistance to fusarium wilt in the field and other favorable characters; obtain and select segregating populations of common bean with black beans resistant to fusarium wilt, with high grain yield and commercial grain size; select promising black bean lines with resistance to fusarium wilt, high grain yieldy and mass of 100 grains; estimate correlations and genetic and phenotypic parameters for these three characters. In the evaluation of the elite lines previously obtained as resistant to fusarium wilt, the tests were conducted in a randomized block design with three replications and plots consisting of four rows of four meters. Six lines were used, one carioca and five black beans, along with five cultivars in 28 experiments, between the years 2009 to 2011, in wet, winter and rainy growing seasons, at Paraná, Distrito Federal and Goiás States. In these trials were carried out evaluations for grain yield, plant architecture, lodging tolerance, reaction to fusarium wilt and reaction to anthracnose. Variance and mean grouping test analyzes were performed for the data obtained from five traits and analysis of adaptability and stability was realized for grain yield, using the method Nunes. For obtaining and selecting segregating populations under field conditions, the segregating populations were obtained from crosses in complete diallel scheme. Crosses were realized with eight lines with black granis and with different levels of resistance to fusarium wilt. The trials were composed by 28 populations obtained and two cultivars, one resistant and one susceptible to fusarium wilt. The populations obtained were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications, in F2, F3 and F4, in winter/2012, winter/2013 and winter/2014, respectively. The three trials were conducted in Santo Antônio de Goiás in field infested by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli under irrigation by central pivot. The reaction to fusarium wilt, grain yield and weight of 100 grains were evaluated. Analyses were performed for individual and joint variance and for reaction to fusarium wilt was also carried out diallel analysis according Griffing (1956). Means were grouped using the Scott knot test. From the data obtained, two segregating populations were selected. 58 lines from each population were obtained, totalizing 116 lines which were evaluated with five controls. The evaluation of the lines was carried out in the winter/2015 in triple lattice design 11x11 with plots of two lines of 3 meters, also in Santo Antônio de Goiás - GO, in naturally infested area. There is variability in reaction to fusarium wilt, grain yield, plant architecture, lodging tolerance and reaction to anthracnose, among the lines evaluated. The genotype x environment interaction is important for the five characters evaluated. The five lines of black beans (CNFP 15867, CNFP 15870, CNFP 15869, CNFP 15868 and CNFP 15871) were resistant to fusarium wilt. Already CNFC 15872 line, with carioca grain, showed moderately susceptible. The CNFP 15867 and CNFP 15870 lines showed potential for use in breeding. BRS Esplendor cultivars and BRS Notavel are also good choices for planting in areas with fusarium wilt, with good agronomic performance. Regarding the evaluation of segregating populations was detected genetic variability for the three characters. The diallel analysis for reaction to wilt fusarium showed difference between the general combining ability (CGC) of parents and between the specific combination capacity (CEC) of the populations. The resistance to fusarium wilt was explained by additive and non-additive effects. The CNFP 15867 line showed positive estimate of CGC, been indicated for new crosses. Considering together, the mean of population for all traits and diallel analysis for reaction to fusarium wilt, populations BRS Esplendor x BRS Expedito and BRS Expedito x CNFP 15867 were selected. Considering the lines obtained from these two populations, the estimates of heritability, genetic variance and gain expected selection were high for the three traits, indicating good chance of successful selection. Considering the simultaneous selection, it was possible to obtain gains for the three traits, especially for reaction to fusarium wilt (31%). Eight lines have been identified that meet resistance to fusarium wilt, high grain yield and good grain size. There was a significant genetic correlation between fusarium wilt and grain yield, so lines resistant to fusarium wilt present high grain yield.Item Controle genético do escurecimento dos grãos de feijão com diferentes tipos de grão e origens(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-27) Rodrigues, Ludivina Lima; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729719587905292; Pereira, Helton Santos; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; Vianello, Rosana PereiraThe darkening of bean grains (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) occurs after harvest and leads to loss of commercial value of the product. This trait is controlled by one gene, in which the dominant allele confers the normal grain darkening of the carioca and pinto type. In the pinto type, this gene was denominated Sd (Slow darkening). However, there are no reports that the gene identified in pinto is the same as in the carioca type. Molecular markers linked to the Sd gene have been identified and validated in carioca type populations: Pvsd-1158 (SSR) and PvbHLHp12804 (SNP). Thus, this study aimed to verify if the gene that controls the darkening of the grains in different genotypes is the same; evaluate the efficiency of the markers Pvsd-1158 and PvbHLHp12804 in a group of genotypes with carioca and mulatinho (cream) grains; and estimate the genetic divergence among these genotypes. For this, 17 bean genotypes were used, which were grown in two experiments in greenhouse. The harvested grains were stored for 135 days and phenotypically evaluated for darkening. In parallel, these genotypes were evaluated genotypically with the markers Pvsd-1158 and PvbHLHp12804 and also with a panel of 24 microsatellite markers for estimation of genetic diversity. Crossings were also performed between genotypes 1533-15, AN512666-0 and BRSMG Madrepérola, which present slow darkening of the grains, to confirm if the gene responsible for the slow darkening is the same. For this, progenies F2:3 were evaluated by segregation tests from the data obtained from the phenotypic evaluation of the darkening. Considering the 17 lines,, 13 lines showed slow darkening, three presented normal darkening and one presented no darkening. The Pvsd-1158 and PvbHLHp12804 markers presented the expected alleles according to the phenotypic evaluation in 14 of the 16 genotypes that presented some darkening, representing 87.5% coincidence with the phenotypic data, indicating that the Sd gene is responsible for the darkening the grains in these genotypes. The line CNFM11940, with grains mulatinho (cream) and the cultivar TAA Dama, with carioca grains presented slow darkening and alleles linked to normal darkening for the two markers. This indicates that there were recombination in this genomic region, taunting the separation between the markers and the Sd gene, or that there is another gene conferring the slow darkening in these genotypes. Estimation of genetic divergence among the genotypes provided additional information for comparison of the genotypes. Additionally, all the progenies F2:3 originating from the three populations showed slow darkening and, therefore, there was no segregation. Thus, the gene that controls the darkening of the grains in beans pinto and carioca is the Sd gene.