Doutorado em Geografia (IESA)
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Item Os riscos tecnológicos na sociedade de risco: possíveis danos da poluição eletromagnética à saúde humana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-12) Alves, Mônica Oliveira; Barros, Juliana Ramalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3897963687114981; Barros, Juliana Ramalho; Leite, Marcos Esdras; Lima, Cláudia Valéria de; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Santos, Nicali Bleyer Ferreira dosThe technological advancement experienced from the mid-20th century onwards has brought about a series of transformations in modern society. This applies both in terms of the benefits and conveniences offered by new technologies and the potential health risks, such as electromagnetic pollution, generated by products and infrastructures designed to meet the needs of urban populations. Globally, there is a growing public and regulatory concern about the impacts on human health due to exposure to risks generated by high-voltage power transmission lines in urban areas. In this context, there is a noticeable need to investigate this issue in Brazil, where cities, both medium and large, have experienced rapid and unplanned population growth, leading many people to reside near these infrastructures. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the issues related to the health risks generated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation from high-voltage power transmission lines in the urban space of Montes Claros/MG. The chosen location for the investigation was the city of Montes Claros, located in the north of Minas Gerais, where various population groups were observed inhabiting areas considered exposed to electromagnetic pollution generated by the mentioned sources. The methodological procedures involved literature and documentary research, mapping of areas exposed to risk, and surveys with the general population, particularly those residing in one of the risk areas in the city of Montes Claros. The results obtained demonstrated that there are various population groups residing in risk areas in the city, often in locations where occupation occurred irregularly, such as in the servitude zones of high-voltage lines, accentuating social exclusion and socio-spatial segregation in Montes Claros. It was also noted that the population has limited awareness of the risks they are exposed to, hindering the search for strategies and actions by civil society to mitigate the problem. Given the identified issues, it is suggested that further studies be conducted, and precautionary measures be implemented regarding these risks. This should involve the participation of public and private entities, the scientific community, and the general public, promoting a democratic risk management approach in Montes Claros and other urban centers in Brazil.Item Evolução da paisagem em relevo de chapada no Cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-11) Borges, Mariley Gonçalves; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno , Guilherme Taitson; Almeida, Maria Ivete Soares de; Leite, Marcos Esdras; Zancopé, Márcio Henrique de Campos; Bayer, MaximilianoThe objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the spatial representation of wetlands (veredas) in the context of the watershed from the Cerrado, the stage of evolution of the reliefs of planation surfaces and their reflections on the dynamics of the slopes and on the functioning of the river channels. The study was carried out in the watersheds of Catolé (BHCC) and Borrachudo (BHRB) rivers, in the North of Minas Gerais. It is justified by 1) the importance of understanding the evolution of the reliefs of planation surfaces in the Cerrado and its reflections on the landscapes, on the functioning of the slopes and on the hydrological dynamics of the river channels, in the context of the hydrographic basins; and 2) the environmental relevance of the Cerrado wetlands, which ar responsible for increasing the residence time of water in the basins, for the quality of river water, and for the stock of organic C. For this purpose, the morphometric study of the watersheds, the application of dissection and moisture indices, the estimation of soil loss potential (USLE) and the mapping and classification of wetlands were performed using geoprocessing. River discharge measurements, of the physical and physicochemical parameters of water analyzes were also carried out in loco and in the laboratory over a hydrological year. It was found that the wetlands of the BHCC have greater spatial representation than for BHRB, that is, 27.9 km² more area. The distribution of wetlands in the study area is associated with the areas of still preserved planation surfaces. Compared to the BHRB, it was found that the BHCC has less dissected relief, lower drainage density and lower slopes. Its moisture content is higher and the longitudinal profile of its main channel is less adjusted to the profile considered in "balance", that is, a significant part of the basin is located upstream of the main knickpoint of the channel, therefore not yet adjusted to the current baselevel. These characteristics are compatible with the hydrological, the physical and physicochemical parameters of water, which indicated that the Catolé river has a more regular flow and water with less turbidity, that is, less sediment transport in the basin. The results showed that the geomorphological evolution is at a more advanced stage in the BHRB, which indicates a natural tendency towards a decrease in wetlands area, predominance of dissected reliefs and greater transport of sediments by the river network.Item Industrialização e políticas governamentais: dispersão e concentração da indústria em Anápolis, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-23) Cunha, Wânia Chagas Faria; Salgado, Tathiana Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0453450405323422; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1909084450648691; Salgado; Salgado, Tathiana Rodrigues; Castilho, Denis; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; Lima, Leandro Oliveira de; Arriel, Marcos FernandoThis research has os its centrais theme the industrialization process developed in Goiás under the aegis of the State and how this reverberated in the Anapoli industry. Anápolis, thanks to the logistical potential it occupies in the regional and national space of Goiás, has enjoyed significant economic growth throughout its history. When analyzing this process, above all, the industrial evolution of the municipality, it is clear that it presented and still presents close convergence with the industrialization process that occurred in the state and in the country. Anápolis, over time, adapted to the demands and changes that occurred in the state and national economy, given the articulation of spaces in the regional division of labor. This led to changes in the roles played by Anápolis in the Goiás scene over time. What can be observed when analyzing the industrialization process that took place in this city, where two categories of industries were established: dispersed and concentrated. Denominations directly linked to spatial location and whether or not the State supports it. The literature review allowed us to observe two industrialization processes. One that began from the beginning of the emergence of this municipality, based on the transformation of local products and those from neighboring regions, sometimes to meet the needs of the population, sometimes to process the raw material to be exported by railway. This emerged timidly, financed by local capital and gained importance in the regional scenario, making the municipality the most industrialized in Goiás, still in the 1960s. The other began to take shape in 1970, based on the economic condition that Anápolis achieved in the regional scenario but, above all, in correspondence with the national moment, marked by industrial deconcentration and in convergence with the industrialization policy that was beginning to be unleashed by the State. In this process, Anápolis, taking advantage of its logistical and economic potential in the regional scenario, was chosen to host the first industrial district in the state, the Anápolis Agroindustrial District – DAIA – opened in 1976. However, when analyzing the industrialization process of Anápolis, a certain discrepancy was noticed. The dispersed industry did not evolve in diversity and economic importance and the concentrated one assumed the importance of this segment in the city, due to the numerous benefits received, but it is not articulated with the other activities in the municipality and with the profile of the state. To achieve the results, we looked back at economic history, especially regarding the industrialization of the city, state and country from the past to the present day. This context led to the following general objective: to understand how the industrialization of Anápolis occurred, in the context of national and state policies to promote industrialization, as well as its current configuration. To achieve this objective, the following methodological procedures were adopted: bibliographical survey on the evolution of the Anapoli industrialization process; theoretical review regarding Brazilian and Goiás industrialization; collection of secondary socioeconomic data; documentary survey of Anapoli industries, field research and production of thematic maps. The results made it possible to identify and characterize the dispersed and concentrated industries in Anápolis, as well as their importance for the municipality's economy. Finally, it can be seen that the fiscal incentives of industrialization policies applied in the municipality have limited scope in promoting the diversification and strengthening of the Anapolina industry, favoring industries with external capital and located in DAIA, to the detriment of industries with local capital, based in other regions of the municipality, these less capital intensive and with greater capacity to generate employment and consequently income for the population.Item A paisagem, o mapa e os raciocínios geográficos: mediação didática para o desenvolvimento do pensamento geográfico no ensino médio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-05-25) Pinheiro, Igor de Araújo; Richter, Denis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9664892428037820; Richter, Denis; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; Bueno, Miriam Aparecida; Gomes, Marquiana de Freitas Vilas Boas; Duarte, Ronaldo GoulartThe development of students' geographic thinking should be the main objective of Geography school practices, in the current context. We believe in the relevance of knowing how to think about spatial issues, the order of phenomena and all the relationships between them, creating the possibility of exercising our citizenship more fully, as reasoning and thinking from a Geography perspective have proven to be important for understanding the spatiality of phenomena experienced by the subjects. In this way, we thought about how to guarantee the necessary conditions at school, through didactic mediation in high school, for the development of students' geographic thinking. Through this research, we sought to understand the potential of integration between the study of landscape, the use of maps and geographic reasoning of location, distribution, distance, density, scale and analogy for the development of geographic thinking in high school students. . To achieve this purpose, the following specific objectives will be pursued: deepen debates on the theoretical-conceptual bases of landscape and geographic reasoning, within the academic and school context of Geography; characterize maps as a potential language for didactic mediation of Geography school content; identify in school Geography the theoreticalmethodological foundations that guide didactic mediation and the formation of geographic thinking in High School; analyze the process of methodological integration between landscape, maps and geographic reasoning through Geography Didactic Mediation; and reflect on the theoretical-methodological elements established by Geography Didactic Mediation, which enhance the development of geographic thinking in high school students. Established as a qualitative research, based on the methodology of participatory research, in order to achieve the objectives mentioned above, it was necessary to carry out two stages of investigation: bibliographic and field. The latter involved the selection of two public schools in Teresina-PI (universe), two Geography teachers (subjects) and two High School classes (sample). Thus, six didactic sequences were developed, and three didactic sequences were applied in each school researched, over the course of three weeks of development of Geography Didactic Mediation, as well as a semi-structured interview with the teachers-subjects of the research and semi-structured questionnaires applied together. to students. The production, compilation and processing of data through the Content Analysis Technique (BARDIN, 1977) revealed the potential in operationalizing Geography Didactic Mediation that integrates the study of landscape, reading and construction of maps and geographic reasoning , which formed the basis for the development of geographic thinking among high school students.Item O trabalho de campo como aula: potencialidades para a formação do pensamento geográfico na educação básica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-13) Radtke, Domitila Theil; Morais, Eliana Marta Barbosa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3615558165803518; Morais, Eliana Marta Barbosa de; Dias, Liz Cristiane; Carneiro, Vandervilson Alves; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; Bueno, Guilherme TaitsonEn esta tesis de doctorado, se objetiva comprender cuáles y cómo se dan los conocimientos docentes necesarios al desarrollo de trabajos de campo en la Geografía Escolar por los profesores de la “Rede Municipal de Goiânia/GO”. Por ello, fue necesario: analizar la historicidad y la producción bibliográfica sobre trabajo de campo en Geografía, con énfasis en lo que se ha producido en tesis de doctorado y maestría en los Programas de Posgrado, en el área de la Enseñanza de Geografía sobre el Brasil; investigar el rol del estudiante y del profesor de Geografía en el desarrollo de trabajos de campo, para que esa metodología favorezca el aprendizaje, crecimiento y construcción de nuevos conocimientos por parte del estudiante; presentar bases de conocimiento cognitivo y de aprendizaje escolar que deben ser movilizados en trabajos de campo con la finalidad de favorecer el aprendizaje escolar; señalar el trabajo de campo como potencializador del aprendizaje geográfico en el ámbito de la Educación Básica en la perspectiva del aula de Geografía. De ese modo, en la primera sección, se subraya la importancia de los trabajos de campo para la enseñanza e investigación en Geografía a lo largo de la historicidad de esa ciencia, visando comprender su transformación a largo plazo, y, por tanto, consideramos reflexiones clásicas y contemporáneas como Lacoste (2006), Alentejano y Rocha-leão (2006) y Pires do Rio (2018). También a través del Estado del Conocimiento, se ha creado un panorama de qué y cómo esa temática ha sido trabajada en tesis de doctorado y maestría brasileñas. A partir de esas reflexiones, se busca avanzar teórico metodológicamente y contribuir para un mejor desarrollo de esa metodología para la enseñanza de Geografía. En la segunda sección, se presentan los participantes de la investigación, con el objetivo de comprender cómo la formación inicial contribuyó e influenció en la perspectiva de los trabajos de campo desarrollados por posibles retos en la actuación de esos docentes. Para ello, fueron realizadas encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas junto a cinco profesores de la “Rede Municipal de Educação de Goiânia”. De esa forma, se cuenta con referencias en el ámbito de la formación, actuación y conocimientos docentes con énfasis en los análisis de Shulman (2014) y Libâneo (2009); discusiones en el ámbito geográfico desde la perspectiva de Santos (2005), Moreira (2007) y Gomes (2009); y, también, en el ámbito del trabajo de campo y la enseñanza de la Geografía con Morais y Lima (2018), Compiani y Carneiro (1993), entre otros. En la tercera sección, se analizan los sistemas conceptuales sobre el trabajo de campo erigidos por los profesores participantes. Optamos por trabajar con la construcción de sistemas conceptuales que, desde una perspectiva vygotskiana, permitan analizar los procesos de generalización e internalización del conocimiento docente de los participantes, según Morais (2022). En vista de esto, se discute los trabajos de campo a partir del conocimiento de los contenidos desde la perspectiva de Shulman (2014) y de los conocimientos metodológicos, con énfasis en la planificación y el uso de recursos, lenguajes, estrategias o metodologias. En cuanto a los materiales desarrollados por los docentes, se notó que el mayor destaque en las propuestas de trabajo de campo de los profesores estaban en cómo ellos propiciaban la participación del estudiante. Así, las propuestas son clasificadas en: el estudiante observador, el estudiante ahora es observador y ahora participante; y el estudiante participante. En la última sección, se discute la relación entre el aprendizaje y el desarrollo desde uma perspectiva vygotskiana, en línea con las reflexiones de Cavalcanti (2010, 2011, 2016); Couto (2006, 2009, 2010, 2014) y Ferreira (2017) que trabajan en la perspectiva geográfica del aprendizaje a partir de la formación de conceptos. El intuito fue caracterizar los elementos esenciales que pueden componer el trabajo de campo para que él, de hecho, favorezca la formación del pensamiento geográfico. Por lo tanto, también se analiza el rol de la Didáctica y de los conocimientos docentes, con el objetivo de orientar la actuación docente durante el desarrollo de esa metodología en la Educación Básica. Por último, se explana sobre la concepción del trabajo de campo entendido como clase de Geografía, realizada en ambiente externo al, y se elabora un sistema conceptual a partir de lo que entendemos ser fundamental para el desarrollo de los trabajos de campo en la concepción de la clase, es decir, como momento de enseñanza y aprendizaje que necesita preocuparse con una serie de principios y orientaciones objetivando la construcción del pensamiento geográfico por parte del estudiante, así como toda la clase de Geografía.Item Concentração de elementos potencialmente tóxicos e radionuclideos nos solos da área de influência do Parque Nacional das Emas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-09-07) Ramalho, Fernanda Luisa; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1914332507525986; Cherem, Luis Felipe Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8363108286297687; Cherem, Luis Felipe Soares; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Miyazaki, Leda Correia Pedro; Becegato, Valter Antonio; Rubin, Júlio Cesar Rubin deThe research was based on the explanation of the history of use and occupation of the Chapadões areas in the southwest of Goiás and, based on this analysis, the hypothesis that the soils, which are associated with the intensive use of agriculture and livestock, may be enriched with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and radionuclides , such as uranium, thorium and potassium (238U, 232Th and 40K). Based on this hypothesis, the main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the environmental quality of the soils of the river basins in the PARNA das Emas area of influence through the creation of Environmental Compartments that will serve as a reference for the plateau regions of the Brazilian cerrado. To achieve this objective, 3 specific objectives were proposed, namely: 1. Establish analogous natural areas of the river basins that drain the PARNA das Emas, with hydrographic sub-basins as a mapping unit, 2. Analyze the spatialization of EPTs and radionuclides in the chosen region ; 3. Analyze the levels of EPTs and radionuclides in the region's soils, based on the Environmental Compartments created. To achieve these objectives, it was supported by various methodologies, such as the creation of Landscape Units (UP), multivariate statistical analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) for the interpretation of ETPs and radionuclides data, in addition to the use of values reference based on CONAMA Resolution n.460/2003, Cetesb (2004) and work by (BOCARDI, 2019), to help support the geochemical values found in the area. As a result, the UP enabled the creation of eight Environmental Compartments (CA) that represent river basins outside the Emas National Park that are analogous to the river basins inside the Park. When comparing the results of CA EPTs with CONAMA Resolution n.460/2013 and Cetesb (2014) and the radiogenic elements with the work of Bocardi (2019) it is possible to verify that the elements that presented the greatest problems were the ETPs As and Cd , which resulted in research values in areas intended for agricultural use in CA-2 and CA-3. In CA-4, all points resulted in investigational values for As and Cd, both in agricultural areas and in PARNA das Emas. CA-5 showed investigational values for the ETPs As and Cd at points inside PARNA das Emas and in CA-6, P11, which is in the UC area, presented investigational value for As and prevention value for Cd. CA-7 and 8 resulted in prevention value for As and investigational value for Cd, both CA were in agricultural areas. Overall, the CA4 was the one that presented the most problems in relation to the elements analyzed. The PCA showed that different CAs can have the same response in relation to the spatialization of the elements, such as CA 8, 7 and 6 of group 3, which have the same characteristics due to the geological formation of the Vale do Rio do Peixe, which will give rise to to the sandiest soils in the region, with CA having fewer problems regarding the adsorption of elements. Group 4 also has points that have higher percentages of sand in their structure and groups 1 and 2 have a higher concentration of clay and OM in their structure. These are points that are mainly influenced by Detritus-Lateritic Covers. Through the outliers, the PCA was able to verify that there are CA (4, 2 and 1) that were enriched with P, Ca, Mg, in addition to ETPs and radionuclides from the management of agricultural areas. Therefore, they are different CAs that present the same response in relation to the type of use in question. These points are part of the plateau areas of Central Brazil, converted into extensive monoculture areas of sole, corn, sugar cane and cotton over the last 50 years. In this way, the PCA was crucial to demonstrate, above all, these points that are radically different from the others.Item Da modernização à globalização alimentar: o local e o global na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-08-18) Sena, Caio César Alencar de; Castilho, Denis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4271473426990028; Castilho, Denis; Menezes, Sônia de Souza Mendonça; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Araújo Sobrinho, Fernando Luiz; Mendonça, Marcelo RodriguesThe process of globalization of food cultures advances over the territories of the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (RMG) in a forceful way. In this sense, it is proposed to discuss the dense and complex relationships between local, regional, and global contexts related to the intensification of foreign influences in the productions, habits, and food cultures of the people of Goiás. To this end, we evaluated elements such as: the role of the State in the modernization of agriculture, the mapping of the challenges of eating in the metropolis, the discussion about the paths and perspectives of globalization as well as its influences on urban landscapes, spectacularization of the act of eating, and the notions of food heritage. While we recognize the role of the food industry and its recurrent strategies of taste training and domination of regional cuisines via the cultural industry, we verify the impact of the main modern food discourses and practices in dialogue with the critical cultural perspective in Geography. The research methodology involved questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, fieldwork in the RMG, participant observation in food festivals, theoretical reviews, and critical analysis of the theme dialoguing mainly with the concept of territory. The outline of the thesis points out that food is an important cultural element of societies and that there is an ongoing exercise of power via the appropriation of eating habits and cultures that is almost irreversible, due to the current contours of globalization that advances over food and the meanings individuals attribute to them. In this process, the food industry and fast-food chains try to occupy the dining spaces of modern life, pushing traditional recipes, eating habits, local ingredients, and individuals’ significant moments with food to the background, or just for specific days of occasional rites, reaching people of all ages and social classes, in the countryside and in the cities, but especially in the big cities. There is a constant attempt to appropriate food cultures, where territories that are less strengthened in terms of their unique elements are more vulnerable to the impacts of globalization. As research results, we seek to contribute to structuring the concept of food globalization by noting that this phenomenon has changed the way societies and official bodies of memory and legislation organize our ancestral food heritage. We defend the strengthening of local and regional food culture based on new perspectives on Cerrado foods, in search of sovereign practices that strengthen small producers and expand the possibility of the state of Goiás to produce different foods, in addition to the ongoing monoculture. We recognize that food producers organized in cooperatives, when aware of their political and social role, can claim other directions for agricultural public policies. It is also verified that the Geographical Indications can present themselves as alternatives to social organization and valorization of food production more connected with individuals and the local cultures.Item A consolidação do setor farmacêutico na economia global: crescimento, influência, desvios e marketing(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-02) Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9540141505352914; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Castilho, Denis; Vasconcellos, Luiz Carlos Fadel de; Marques, Ana Carolina de Oliveira; Silva, Ronaldo daThis study investigates how the pharmaceutical sector has become one of the largest and most influential economic sectors of our time. It presents figures and information that support this claim and aims to elucidate the factors that contributed to such a rise. Since Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928, pharmaceutical industries have evolved from small entities - often family-owned and operating locally - to multinational corporations valued at hundreds of billions of dollars with global influence. However, beyond the discovery and diversification of drugs, increased demand, and expansion of production capacity, part of this evolution is underpinned by complex, and in some cases perverse, strategies prioritizing profit maximization over public and individual health. The findings of this study reveal that, over the past two decades, the sector's revenues have quadrupled, reaching $1.48 trillion in 2022, an amount comparable to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of developed countries such as Spain. The twenty largest companies in the sector have a combined market value of $3.5 trillion and assets totaling $1.86 trillion, generating annual revenues of $820 billion and profits of $181.6 billion. For context, the assets of these companies alone are comparable to the GDP of all Sub-Saharan African countries. Companies, like Johnson & Johnson, have a market value exceeding the GDP of 184 nations. The study also examines and discusses questionable practices adopted by the pharmaceutical industry, including investing billions in lobbying and election financing, influencing regulatory agencies, financially supporting patient organizations, sponsoring authors of "Clinical Guidelines", manipulating and concealing drug research and tests, and directing massive investments to strengthen ties with prescribers, university hospitals, and academic institutions. Concrete examples of these actions are provided, backed by studies, data surveys, and court decisions, underscoring the alarming consequences of this reality. Lastly, the research analyzes pharmaceutical marketing as a primary sales boost strategy. Despite drugs not being ordinary commodities, susceptible to promotion under the lens of rampant consumption, companies invest billions annually in directto-consumer advertising. In the Brazilian context, the pharmaceutical sector stands out as one of the main investors in marketing. In recent years, several companies in the field have ranked among the highest individual advertising spenders. The emergence of digital marketing strategies driven by the internet, advanced algorithms, and social networks, combined with advertising campaigns harmful to public and collective health, underscore a concerning and challenging scenario.