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Item Efeito do manejo do solo com plantas de cobertura, cultivares/híbridos e nitrogênio na cultura do milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-26) AGUIAR, Renata Alves de; SILVEIRA, Pedro Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242408931816325The corn is the main cereal produced in Brazil and its productivity is very affected by the improper use of nitrogen, which is the nutrient absorbed in larger quantities and therefore responsible for a significant share in production costs. Due to the importance of nitrogen for the corn crop becomes necessary studies to reduce the amount of nitrogen applied to the crop, reducing losses and increasing the efficiency of its use, beside minimize environmental risks. One way have been studied to reduce the amount of nitrogen applied and increase the efficiency of use of inorganic nitrogen, from the fertilizer, it is the combination of plants that cover the ground with nitrogened fertilizer. The study aimed to determine the economic viability and the effect of soil management with the use of soil cover plants, hybrids and nitrogen doses in coverage in the vegetative and reproductive characteristics, related to productivity of corn. The corn, in the experiment, was planted at begning of February in the field trial of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Red Latosol Distrophic. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates the arrangement of plots in sub-sub-divided. The plots were formed by four types of soil management: direct planting of corn on the black mucuna stubble (Mucuna aterrima Merr.); direct planting of corn on the of crotalária juncea stubble (Crotalaria juncea L.); direct planting of corn on vegetation spontaneous (aside) and planting corn in the system of conventional tillage (arado of aiveca). The subplots were formed by five doses of nitrogen in coverage: 0, 45, 90, 180 and 360 kg ha-1 of nitrogen in coverage, and the sub-sub-plots of four hybrids of corn: BRS 3003, AG 1051, Green Corn HT-1, HT-2 Green Corn. The analysis of the benefit / cost was performed on the basis of prices of materials and services raised in April 2007. The benefit / cost in the various systems was held in the Excel spreadsheets, and economically viable a relationship exceeding 1.0. It was concluded that: there is effect of hybrid and soil management on vegetative characteristics such as plant height and the first spik and on productive characteristics as income from pulp and grain and mass in a thousand grains of corn, and there is no interaction between hybrid, soil management and dose of nitrogen in coverage of the productivity of corn. The best soil management as the benefit / cost is the fallow without any addition of nitrogen in coverage, followed by the system of conventional tillage with 45 kg ha-1 and without the addition of nitrogen.Item Análise da competitividade potencial da cadeia exportadora de feijões brasileira(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-04-25) ALMEIDA, Paulo Roberto Vieira de; FIGUEIREDO, Reginaldo Santana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1098394550647665; SOUZA, Eliane Moreira Sá de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4454182958023791; WANDER, Alcido Elenor; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8250997651281553Beans are an important component in the Brazilian diet and various countries across the globe. In Brazil is grown by farmers in various profiles at different scales, regions and farming systems. Brazil has a problem with self-sufficient in beans, historically presented as a major importer of grain, has a low market share in world exports that occurs far from the fact that these markets consume certain types of beans that Brazil has no tradition of produce, the type that is predominantly produced and consumed in Brazil is common bean. The international market beans can be better explored, but is necessary to organize the national production chain. Because of the importance of beans in the Brazilian domestic market, and low expression in exports, we chose to analyze the potential competitiveness of the export chain of brazilian beans. The competitive analysis contemplated the production sector and the export sector, it was developed through 9 drivers and 48 sub-factors that together indicate how is the condition of potential competitiveness of the chain. The evaluation was conducted from the perspective of key players and use of secondary data. Through the data collected it was found that the bean export chain is not currently so structured as other commodities, the production of exportable grain is still insufficient, there are difficulties in finding producers with production that meets the requirements of foreign markets, there are few producers with high production capacity, we observed the presence of active medium and high specificity and the level of informality in the chain is high. The worst drivers in the production sector were on account of the institutional environment, market relations and conditions of the logistics and storage, already in the export sector the driver institutional environment presented negative condition of competitiveness. The computer simulations performed using the events selected by experts showed that the conditions for improvements in the medium term has a greater positive effect on the export sector than in production sector, the negative effect of tax rates affects more than the production sector while technological improvements have multiple positive effects on other indicators. The results indicate that some drivers link that the profits are more concentrated in the export sector and because of the production costs are higher, the condition of competitiveness in production sector is more negative, nevertheless the general condition of competitiveness of the chain is positive and indicates that is interesting to invest in export of beans, though some interventions should be made to improve the indicators of the production sector.Item A teoria da imprevisão e sua aplicação aos contratos de venda futura de commodities agrícolas no Brasil:possibilidade jurídica e efeitos econômicos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-12-07) ALVES, André Luiz Aidar; WANDER, Alcido Elenor; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8250997651281553; AGUIAR, Maria do Amparo Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1567037897337008Judicial decisions produce direct effects on the market, by increasing or reducing the costs of economic trades, mainly in a country like Brazil, where the Judiciary is the main arena of solution of conflicts of interests. In this scenario, the Brazilians judges tend to be tolerant with relativizing the effects of laws and contracts, modifying obligation in order to generate equity and practice social justice. One of the main legal mechanisms for the judicial breaches of contracts is the Theory of Frustration. An important legal instrument, which serves to prevent distortions in contractual relations, gains a part at the expense of an excessive burden of the other, the Theory of Frustration is often invoked by producers of agricultural commodities, especially soya, to terminate or resurvey future sales contracts, one of the main mechanisms of funding the Brazilian agribusiness. Occurs that opportunistic breaches of these contracts create instability in the agricultural sector, producing additional costs for production and causing loss of competitiveness.Item Expansão canavieira e seus efeitos na violência em Goianésia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-10) ALVES, Glauco Leão Ferreira; LIMA, Dalva Maria Borges Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5291000127026087; WANDER, Alcido Elenor; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8250997651281553In Goiás, the process of occupation of the territory still happens today. Livestock, rice, corn and soybeans that once moved over the cerrado, gradually transferring go area for cane sugar. The sugarcane expansion was influenced by increased demand for ethanol due to growth in sales of flex-fuel vehicles, especially in the last decade. Thus, there was an increase in cultivated area for sugar cane, showing a change in consumption of energy. The concern from various sectors of society is that in many regions, the sugar cane harvest is still done manually by pruning and many social and environmental problems are arising from this form of management, such as fires and poor working conditions. In Goianésia largest municipality of sugarcane Microregion of Ceres, violence has increased, mainly related to drug use in the years 2009 and 2010. There are reports of drug use to provide more force some workers to cut cane or to provide relief from stress as a result of one day of paid work for productivity.Item Gestão rural: um estudo na Fazenda Parrode(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-15) ALVES, Ivan; AGUIAR, Maria do Amparo Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1567037897337008; SOUZA, Eliane Moreira Sá de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4454182958023791This work has as general objective to identify the control instruments to facilitate the financial administration of the rural unit of denominated production Fazenda Parrode. So that objective was rendered was done necessary the execution of specific objectives that they were applied in the following order: to characterize the process managerial financier of the rural unit of production " Fazenda Parrode "; to identify the relevant financial indicators to the process of managerial control; to develop a balanced scorecard for Fazenda Parrode as focus in the financial perspective. The methodology used in this dissertation was the field and bibliographical research where it was possible to clean the pertinent data to the approached theme, being used as instruments of collection of the data the direct observation, the interview with questionnaire and the questions in relation to the factors observed by the researcher. The results are presented from way to take the reader to an identification of the current situation of the rural unit, demonstrating the financial indicators, the instruments of financial control and the analysis of each area of the administrative administration of the organization and the elaboration of a strategic map that will support decision making.Item Distribuição espacial do percevejo-do-colmo (Tibraca limbativentris Stål) em arroz irrigado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-11-09) ALVES, Tavvs Micael; BARRIGOSSI, José Alexandre Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5377957113836597The injury imposed by Tibraca limbativentris Stål in plants of rice can negatively affect the production and reduce grain yield. Knowing the spatial arrangement of this species allows fast and accurate sampling and identifies focuses of infestation determining the ideal moment of decision-making for the control. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and probabilistic distribution of adults and nymphs of T. limbativentris in irrigated rice. Fifteen fields with plants of 50-80 days after emergency were sampled on approximately regular grids in 2008, 2010, and 2011. Poisson and Negative binomial distributions were tested and Pearson chi-squared test was used to determine a probability distribution with the best fit. Polynomial regressions of the number of individuals versus geographical coordinates were used to try detecting trends related with macroscale. Later, semivariograms were used to interpret the spatial dependence and distribution of insects. The semivariance of the samples obtained with nymphs showed patterns grouped in 13% of fields sampled. Similar pattern was also obtained by semivariograms of adults in 26% of fields sampled. However, there were no spatial dependence in the most of the sampled fields with adults (74%) and nymphs (87%). In conclusion, adults and nymphs of T. limbativentris are randomly distributed in irrigated rice fields, though rarely clustered pattern can occur. The probability distribution that best fits the data sampling is the Negative binomial. Adults and nymphs do not inhabit the same local in the rice field. Population levels above the value of economic damage may occur, but individuals are not present in about 2/3 of the units sampled. Polynomial regression models tested are not appropriate to fit the trends related to macro-scale in irrigated rice fields.Item Comércio e meio ambiente: os atuais desafios das pequenas empresas frutícolas do Vale do São Patrício GO no mercado internacional(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-10) ANJOS, Diana Marques dos; AGUIAR, Maria do Amparo Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1567037897337008The world market of fruits is in great expansion, mainly due to, among others factors, the changes in the habits of the consumption and the new technologies that improved in the production and storage of fruits. However the technical barriers are the serious obstacles for producers to get access to international markets. The State of Goiás still has a little expressive production in relation to other States, as for example, Bahia. However it has favorable climatic and soil conditions to modify this situation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges of the small fruit producers in the international trade and has as focus the producer of fruits of the region of the Vale do São Patrício in Goiás. For the development of the subject commerce and environment: the current challenges of the small fruit producer companies of the Vale do São Patrício in the international market , had been used exploratory research, literature review, organizational diagnosis field, research through interview and questionnaire with presidents of the cooperatives located in the cities of Uruana, Jaraguá and Itapuranga, which represent great part of the cities of the Vale do São Patrício. The conclusion of the study allows to certify that the small producers of fruits of the region work with the product as form of alternatives for income improvement and are considerably willing to adopt improvements in the productive process and the internal and external qualities of the product, being able to acquire the environmental certification and, in such a way, to increase the commercialization of its products in the domestic and international market.Item Modelagem matemática da variação espaço-temporal da temperatura média diária e do ciclo do algodoeiro herbáceo no Estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-14) ANTONINI, Jorge Cesar dos Anjos; OLIVEIRA, Virlei Alvaro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0739376049142731; OLIVEIRA, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5499109407814908; GRIEBELER, Nori Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2953067359172793The regional climatic conditions in the State of Goias Brazil are favorable for herbaceous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium hutch) cultivation. However, for achieving the best productivities, it is important that both the planting date and the fruiting period be matched with the adequate soil-water availability as well as that the period from open bull to harvesting be coincident with the dry period. Thus, the knowledge of cotton cycle as function of planting location is very important for choosing the optimum planting date. In this context, the air temperature is one of the climatic variables that mostly influence the cotton growth. Nevertheless, the low density of meteorological stations with capability for measuring temperature has restricted the modeling studies for estimating cotton cycle. This work was carried out with the objective of developing and validating mathematical models to estimate average daily air temperature and based on the degreesday theory, the cycle of herbaceous cotton in the State of Goias, considering altogether its variations in space and time. Both models were based on a linear combination of elevation, latitude, longitude, and the daily time variation, represented by an incomplete Fourier series. The parameter models were adjusted to the data from 21 meteorological stations available in the State of Goiás and Federal District of Brazil, using multiple linear regressions with observations varying from eight to twenty four years. In the case of modeling degrees-day, the maximum and minimum temperature data were limited between 15°C and 40°C, which were taken as the lower and upper threshold temperatures, respectively. The air-temperature model was validated against the measured data from three meteorological stations from different elevations: high (1100 m), medium (554 m) and low (431 m). The coefficients of determination obtained from fitting the models for both daily air-temperature and daily degrees-day were 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, resulting in a medium performance for both low and high altitudes and very good for intermediate altitudes. The validation of the degrees-day model was conducted by comparing the period duration running from crop emergence to 90% open bulls observed from cotton cultivars, cropped in commercial fields. The results showed an overall performance index of 0.85, which was considered as very good. The models developed in this study adequately estimated the average daily air temperature and the cycle of herbaceous cotton cultivars in the State of GoiasItem Quantificação de machos e fêmeas de Heterodera glycines (Ichinohe, 1952) em cultivares de soja resistentes e suscetíveis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-17) ARAÚJO, Fernando Godinho de; ROCHA, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, is one of the major phytopathological problems affecting the soybean, in the major producing countries of this legume. Eradication of H. glycines from contaminated areas is practically impossible. Thus, the soybean growers have to adapt control measures in order to maintain low population levels. The main control measures are crop rotation, soil management and use of resistant cultivars. With the purpose to evaluate the development of H. glycines and male/female ratio on soybean resistant and susceptible cultivars two trials were conducted during the years 2007 and 2008. Susceptible cultivars BRS Aracu, BRSGO Jatai, BRSGO Luziania, BRS Favorita RR, BRS Valiosa RR, BRS Silvania RR and resistant cultivars BRSGO Ipameri e BRSGO Chapadoes were evaluated. Soybean seedlings were transplanted to pots containing naturally infested soil with H. glycines, race 14, and, 10 days later, part of the plants remained in the pots to evaluate the females, while the other part was removed for hydroponic growth to evaluate the males. In the trial of 2008 the plants were divided in three lots, with the last one having the roots stained to count the juveniles and to evaluate survival rate. Resistant cultivars always maintained a small number of females and males, except for cultivar BRSGO Ipameri that had high countings of males. Only cultivars BRS Favorita RR and BRS Silvania RR had the expected sex ratio 1:1. All other susceptible cultivars had greater number of males than females, with ratios varying from 5:1 to 11:1. Survival rate was nil for both resistant cultivars, and varied from 6.75% to 35.00% for the susceptible cultivars. Regarding the number of cysts in 100 cc of soil the only cultivar that differed significantly from the others was the BRSGO Jatai on experiment conducted in 2007. The number of eggs per cyst varied, in both experiments, and the resistance did not influence the averages foundItem Certificação de origem através da Indicação Geográfica para o café Cerrado Goiano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-28) ARÊDES, Agda; TEIXEIRA, Sônia Milagres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596947832723945Although the coffee cropping in the State of Goiás is more recent and the produced volumes are lower among the traditional coffee producers in Brazil, it presents both climate and soil characteristics similar to those of the savannah in Minas Gerais. This research was carried out to evaluate the viability of the certification for coffee cropping in the State of Goiás, in order that other coffees in the world such as Ethiopia, Colombia, Guatemala and Costa Rica decided for protection through the intangible assets - Geographical Indication. So, either secondary data of the production and primary ones collected in semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs, coffee growers and agencies accrediting the quality of the coffee: the SCAA (American Association of Special Coffees) and BSCA (Association of Brazilian Special Coffees) that uses the methodology of SCAE (European Association of Special Coffees), besides interviews with entrepreneurs of the coffee industry in the state. The financial-economical data and conditionings to certification were analyzed in order to discuss the obstacles and possibilities to adaptation of either coffee growing and processing sector as aiming at certification. It was inferred that the goianos coffee growers selected in the research presented, in the last years, the highest productivity rates among all Brazilian states, that are rates above the national average. In Goiás, the average cost of the green coffee production is still superior to that produced in the Savanna at Minas Gerais State. It is concluded that the industry link has higher portion of the gross margin with 40% appropriation on the retail price of the product, followed by the link distribution with 31% and the link production with 29%. Concerning to the net income earned by producer, it was found to be higher for the Peeled Cherry with 36%, Hard 19%, Green 19% and Rouy 7% above the final price. The stamp Café do Cerrado is the most complete among all certifications that were analyzed, since it certifies both origin and quality of the coffee whereas internationally promoting the brand. The other certifiers guarantee the quality of the product from several Brazilian areas and from the world, as possessing sensorial characteristics and several production methods.Item Índice de desenvolvimento sustentável e agronegócio: uma análise multivariada(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-25) ARRUDA, Caroline Sales; TEIXEIRA, Sônia Milagres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596947832723945The purpose of the study was to analyze agribusiness developmente and economic, social and environment sustainability of the Goiás State municipalities, in the years 1995 and 2005. Agribusiness is one of the most important sources of wealth in Brazil. Regardless, its conformation has not been homogenous for all regions, products and forms of production. Besides, the logics of the model for production rationalization through technological packages, with the Green Revolution has resulted in productivity gains, but as a consequence has generated deforestation, soil exhaustion, water pollution, health problems for rural workers, unemployment, rural migration and equity dismiss. Agribusiness development in Goiás resulted in changes on the social, economic and environmental space, and such changes may compromise future generations. The purpose of the study was to analyze agribusiness development, environmental economic and social sustainability in the Goias state municipalities. It has been associated agribusiness development with sustainable development; It has been identified the degree of sustainability of development of the municipalities, period 1995-2005, through the elaboration of the sustainable index; It has been analyzed through comparisons among those years, the municipalities evolution in terms of economic, social and environmental viability search. In this way the method of analysis used was the factor multivariate analysis, which permits to put together regions and municipalities with similar profiles and variable groups to delineate patterns of characteristics and variations; identify the stage and explaining factors among agribusiness development and sustainability, measure and analyze the degree of sustainable development in the Goias municipalities, which ends up helping the elaboration of public policies compatible with the needs of the municipalities and great regions of the State. Based on the results it can be concluded that: there is great heterogeneity among municipalities and great regions, in relation with the agribusiness development and such development was present and highlighted in the same municipalities during the 1995-2005 period, as an example Jatai and Rio Verde; the agribusiness performance is directly related to sustainability as ca defined, in at least one of the social, economic or environmental variables and that, even though large part of the municipalities have presented very low levels of sustainable development, throughout the ten years period, in general, the state has shown evolution in the search for sustainable development. However, such results indicate the possibility of more specific studies and need to focus regional development aiming to reduce inequalities among municipalities and guarantee the permanent search for sustainable development.Item Eficiência agronômica de um fertilizante fonte de micronutrientes nas culturas da soja e milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-03) BARBOSA, Juliano Magalhães; FERNANDES, Eliana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937The present work aimed to value the agronomic efficiency of different doses of a fertilizer fount of micronutrients applied through the soil in soy culture and the residual answer in culture rotation with the corn, by the determination of chemical attributes related with the productivity. The study was performed in field s condition in a Distrofic Red Latosoil in the experimental area of the School of Agronomy and Food Engineering, in Goiânia Goiás. The experiment was performed in the harvests 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 in randomized complete blocks design with five treatments and four repetitions. Fertilizer was used as fountain of micronutrients in the form of powder containing 6,8% of manganese (Mn), 3,9% of zinc (Zn), 2,1% of iron (Fe), 1,2% of copper (Cu) and 1,1% of boron (B), in four doses and as reference the testimony: D 0 0 kg ha-1, D 0,5 33,33 kg ha-1, D 1 66,66 kg ha-1, D 2 133,32 kg ha-1 and D 1C - 66,66 kg ha-1 plus 1,4 t ha-1 of calcium oxide. The fount of micronutrient was applied only in the harvest 2007/2008 associated to the soil preparation, in the harvest of 2008/2009 there was no reapplication and the system of planting was direct, without the soil preparation. The geeting of soil and leaf were carried out in the florescence of the cultures. It can be concluded that the cultures appears to be responsive to the fertilizer by considering the productivity of both the soy and the corn and that the fertilizer doses of 128,63 kg ha-1 and 69,08 kg ha-1 showed to have the best efficiency for the productivity of the soy to the corn, respectively.Item Interação entre herbicidas e cultivares de soja sobre o desenvolvimento populacional de Heterodera glycines em campo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-11-29) BARBOSA, Kássia Aparecida Garcia; ROCHA, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575This study evaluated the effect of herbicides on the population density of H. glycines in soybean cultivars, (one resistant and three susceptible) in natural infestation conditions. Experiments were done in Campo Alegre de Goiás and Gameleira de Goiás, agricultural year 2006/07, using randomized blocks, with three repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design 4 x 4 + 1, with four cultivars (BRSGO Ipameri, BRSGO Luziânia, BRSGO Jataí BRS Silvânia RR), four forms of weed control (hand weeding, chlorimuron-ethyl + lactofen, chlorimuron-ethyl and haloxyfop-methyl), and additional treatment represented by the combination of transgenic cultivar BRS Silvânia RR and herbicide glyphosate. In agricultural year 2009/2010, another test was conducted in Gameleira de Goiás, with four repetitions, in a factorial design 2 x 4 + 2, involving two cultivars (BRSGO Chapadões and BRSGO 8360), four forms of weed control (hand weeding, lactofen, chlorimuron-ethyl; haloxifop-r), and two additional treatments represented by the combination of transgenic cultivar BRS Valiosa RR with control manual weed and chemical control via herbicide glyphosate. In the agricultural year 2006/07, in Campo Alegre de Goiás, eighty days after planting, there was less formation of viable cysts in cultivar BRS Silvânia RR associated with the application of clorimuron + lactofen, compared to manual control. In Gameleira de Goias, it was found, forty days after planting, increase in the number of viable cysts using herbicides, compared with manual control, in cultivar susceptible BRSGO Luziânia, BRSGO Ipameri, resistant to H. glycines, the number of viable cysts was lower when applied herbicides clorimuron+lactofen or haloxyfop, compared the application of clorimuron. The herbicides had no effect on the number of females in susceptible and resistant cultivars in the year 2009/10. In cultivar susceptible BRSGO 8360, the herbicide haloxifop led to a smaller number of females, in comparison with clorimuron, 45 days after sowing. The herbicide lactofen, in the cultivar BRSGO Chapadões (resistant) was associated with increase in the number of viable cysts 45 days after sowing. This herbicide affects negatively the biomass of leaves, fresh green beans and dry bean in the cultivars BRSGO Chapadões and BRSGO 8360.Item Caracterização genética de populações naturais de Palicourea coriacea (Cham) K. Schum utilizando marcadores moleculares(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-08-24) BARBOSA, Taryana Coelho Sales; SIBOV, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284The Species Palicourea coriacea (Cham) K,Shum is a species little know, it is belonging to the Rubiaceae family, popularly known as douradinha. The popular use medicine in the therapy of kidneys illnesses. The popular name douradinha is associated with the color of the bracts and of the stem and the species occurs in Cerrado s Bioma, however in different environments. Studies about the genetic diversity and its distribution in natural populations of P. coriacea are of extreme importance for the definition of adequate strategies of handling and cultivation, however they do not exist in literature, studies of this nature. This work had as objective to evaluate the genetic structure from nine natural populations of P. coriacea, collected in States of Goiás and Bahia and to evaluate the genetic diversity of these populations through markers RAPD. The P. coriacea species presented one high level of genetic diversity, or heterozygosity waited by Nei (1972) that it varied between 0,259 and 0,338 in the populations, with equal on average value the 0,296. The AMOVA disclosed that 23% of the total variability is meeting each other between populations. Although the estimates of apparent gene flow (Nm) have disclosed values inferior to one, on the other hand, equal the 0,83. The analyses of Bayesian Statistics had disclosed to a value of f (FIS) equal the 0,98 suggesting the possibility of this species has behavior like autogamous species. The analyses of grouping of the populations using Bayesian and AMOVA statistics disclosed that it does not exist a correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance all the nine populations they grouping, eventually, not obeying its geographic origin. Then, the hypothesis previously formulated of that geographically next populations would be genetic next, was discarded for the results gotten for the Mantel test where it got a correlation of 0,155. In addition, this relatively high inter populations differentiation allows to recommend to a strategy ex situ of the genetic variability using the biggest possible number of populations. In what, the conservation says respect in situ must be taken in account characteristic genetic and demographic of this species considering that this fact implies in the possibility of a continuous evolution and in the development of new adaptable strategies. It is necessary to have conscience on the distribution of the genetic diversity of these areas with intention to not only promote polities for preservation of found natural populations in national parks, but yes to private preservation of the legal reserves and properties.Item Modelos de simulação para análise e apoio à decisão nos processos de corte mecanizado, carregamento e transporte no agronegócio da cana-de-açúcar(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-08) BASTOS, Kamyro Jorge José Zaccaria; FIGUEIREDO, Reginaldo Santana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1098394550647665In the current days sugarcane occupies an area of approximately 10,5 % of all the Brazilian agricultural land, with an estimated production for the 2008/2009 crop of 528 million t. In the sugarcane production process, the harvest highlights due its high costs, representing approximately 35% of the sugarcane production costs, besides the addition of operational difficulties. In search of solutions that can efficiently coordinate the mechanical cutting, loading and transportation process of sugarcane (STC), the methodology of systems simulations can be applied as a management tool for those processes. This dissertation has the objective of analyzing the technical feasibility of using computer simulation to increase the efficiency of sugarcane delivery, from the harvest to the sucroalcooleira industry. This research was based on the analysis of the following topics: a) computer simulation in agricultural production systems, b) sugarcane mechanized harvest; besides a step based on an empiric and descriptive dissertation part, which was developed with the association of the Jalles Machado Company. It was proposed a computational model, developed on the Stella Software, which allocated the following variables: a) operation filling time, b) operation travel time, c) semi-trailer filling time, d) operation travel time, e) operation transfer time, f) semi-trailer displacement time, g) lock and unlock time, h) time spent in the balance, i) Time spent from displacement to sampling, j) sampling time, k) time to displace to the hyllo , l) toppling time, m) sugarcane weighing on the semi-trailer, n) trucks speed, o) harvesters speed, p) harvesters efficiency, q) sugarcane productivity. Based on the developed models and the simulations performed it can be concluded the sugarcane harvest has a great importance on the sugarcane agribusiness, due the big amount of equipment to be administered, the high costs of the process and to be fundamental to maintain constantly the derivatives productions, such as alcohol, sugar and energy. Therefore, the use of computer simulation has shown to be a very important tool to increase the sugar cane delivery efficiency from the mechanized harvest to the sucroalcooleira industry, allowing testing and supporting decisions on this process management.Item Efeitos da aplicação de glifosato na química de solos alagados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-09-10) BELTRÃO, Danielle Silva; FERNANDES, Eliana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; CAMPOS, Alfredo Borges de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3249635044992714This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the herbicide glyphosate in the chemistry of the flooded soils in two humid tropical areas included in the Brazilian savanna, observing these effects in the solid fraction and the soil solution. We used soil from an area of lowland irrigated rice cultivation and a preserved area of path, constituting, respectively, a disturbed area under agriculture and a preserved area with natural vegetation. The soils were subjected to varying periods of saturation, and applying different doses of glyphosate. The treatments were: a) Dosage: Dose 0, dose 1 (1.6 mg L-1), Dose 2 (16.0 mg L-1), Dose 3 (1600.0 mg L-1) and b) periods of saturation solutions: 1, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. The soils were previously saturated with solutions of glyphosate prepared with distilled and deionized water, and only distilled and deionized water to dose 0, for 2 hours. After that time the volume was completed with distilled deionized and deoxygenated water. At the end of each period of saturation of soil redox potential was determined in intact experimental units, as well as the pH of the solutions after separation by centrifugation. Proceeded to freezing at - 20 ° C of the soils and soil solutions for chemical analysis and a fraction of the solutions was wrapped and refrigerated at 4 º C for later, perform the analysis of dissolved organic matter. The freezing and cooling were performed to inhibit the biological activity in the degradation of glyphosate and organic matter according to the literature. Before the analysis of the solutions we proceeded to filter membrane syringe filter to 0.45 mm in PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), 33 mm in diameter. Chemical analysis of soil were taken for determination of pH 0.01 M CaCl2, micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), P, K, available Ca and Mg, Al, H + Al and organic matter. Chemical analysis of the solutions were limited to the determinations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, K, Ca, Mg and Al and was carried out to determine the E4/E6 ratio for the humification of DOM in UV-Vis spectrometer. The different effects of glyphosate were used as the ground, showing the influence of soil characteristics and attributes in the interaction with the herbicide. The solid fraction in the analysis highlighted the effects of doses 2 and 3 in lowland soil and dose 3 in solo path. Glyphosate conferred resistance to the reduction of metals in soil and floodplain had the highest effect on the availability Eh redox sensitive elements as Fe and Mn. In the path the herbicide soil favored the reduction of metals from soil and has provided these elements. In soil solution, for the more concentrated doses, there was decreased solubilization of Fe and Mn and other elements, and affect differently the organic matter in soils, occurring in the path of higher aliphatic DOM, ie, less degradation of biological effect of dose 3. The two three doses of glyphosate and, occasionally, the first dose, influenced the chemistry of the lowland soil. The dose 3 showed more significant effects on the soil of trail. The effects of doses 1 and 2, corresponding to the doses used in the field, are highlighted as important outcomes of this study.Item Política agrícola e endividamento rural, um estudo na região de Rio Verde(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-10-09) BERNARDES, Alexandre Câmara; LEITE, Tasso de Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0380535455989585The Brazilian agriculture, inside its business segment, has a similar dynamic of others economic sectors in the country. Through this, it was necessary an introduction of a main credit system, named as Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR). The way it was institutionalized present itself serious problems, with a great imbalance between the manse collected resources and the credits borrowers. About this particularities , it comes true in Brazil from 1980 the state inability to maintain this politics, adding to this fact, it comes up pressure from Word Bank and Internacional Monetary Fund stands modification of economic order, causing in the agriculture sector an accumulation of agreement. In 1994 is introduced the real plan, to establish the economic and control the inflation, jointly, the state makes a renegotiation of the rural debits known as Securitização and Pesa . Between 2002 and 2004, the sector to rise and recover, but due to its a sanitary problems, dry spell and sector pressure, the State deferments in 2004, 2005 and 2006 some of agriculture credit operations, managing the rural producers to a new accumulation of financial agreement. Groups linked to the production and financial sector has been demanding a solution to the problem, arguing that the same is a result of macroeconomics politics. A second slope brings up that: the problem bonds to the SNCR privatization, constitutes its instruments of credit fomentation. This lecture is a study of the mentioned subject, aim at the identification of some mechanism that comes up to feed this debit process, investigating how the permission of the costing credits, investments and the marketing in 2003/04, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 had been done, which arrangement adopted by the agricultures to the financing and refinancing of the agriculture activity. The research technique used consisted of a survey. Concludes that the situation in the work of farmers may be affected by many factors such as back of public resources, absence of mechanisms for attracting new resources and frequent trading of debit. We tried to show that the rise of new farms of agriculture funding and investments, resulting in increased fragmentation of rural credit and contributing to the current framework sector debtItem Volatilização de amônia e produtividade do feijoeiro irrigado adubado com diferentes fontes de nitrogênio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-12-16) BERNARDES, Tatiely Gomes; SILVEIRA, Pedro Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242408931816325In the bean crop nitrogen (N) is the nutrient required in greatest quantity, being related to increases in common bean yield. As the source of this nutrient urea fertilizer is used more in the world due to its low cost per unit of N, however, its use can result in high losses due to ammonia (NH3) volatilization. This work was developed from three experiments performed in the field, conducted in the winter crop in the years 2009 and 2010, at Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antonio de Goiás, GO, Brazil. The objective was to evaluate N by NH3volatilization loss, using different sources of nitrogen fertilizer applied to irrigated common beans. The first experiment was a randomized block, with four replications, in a factorial 3 x 4, consisted of three sources of nitrogen fertilizer, urea, urea + NBPT and gradual release N fertilizer, and four rates of N, 0; 50; 100 and 150 kg ha-1, on side-dressing fertilization. In the second experiment, the design was a randomized block, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four different amounts of straw tifton (Cynodon spp. Cv. Tifton 85) on the soil surface, 0; 5; 10 and 20 Mg ha-1, and side-dressing fertilizer nitrogen with two sources, urea and gradual release N fertilizer. The third experiment was in randomized block design, with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of the application of five sources of nitrogen fertilizer, urea, urea + NBPT, urea + polymer, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate at sowing and in coverage, more control (without N). The N rates had a positive influence on grain yield of common bean. Urea caused higher NH3 volatilization, however, the conditions of the present study these losses were relatively low. Less accumulated volatilization occurred in soil with 20 Mg ha-1 straw tifton soil surface, due to higher soil water storage. The urease activity in soil was not influenced by the sources and rates of N. The common bean grain yield was not influenced by sources of nitrogen fertilizer.Item Uso de reguladores de crescimento e controle biológico de fungos no feijoeiro cultivado em sucessão à dife-rentes culturas de cobertura(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-25) BERNARDES, Tatiely Gomes; SILVEIRA, Pedro Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242408931816325In order to increase the productivity of the common bean crop several technologies are offered, but there is lack of studies to verify their efficiency. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth regulator and the biological control of fungi of the soil through Trichoderma sp., seeking larger productivity of the commom bean plant irrigated in succession to different cover crops. The experiments were conducted in Fazenda Capivara - Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, in a Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block on split-plot, with four replications. The plots of the two experiments consisted of cultures used as soil cover, as the leguminous: pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millisp), Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Campo Grande, and Crotalária spectabilis Roth., and the grasses: millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.), Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, B. brizantha associated with corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). To the 84 days after the cut of the cover crops common bean cultivar BRS Valente was sown under central pivot. Experiment 1: the subplot treatments were: a) control; b) 500 ml of growth regulator (RC - commercial product Stimulate) in 100 kg of seeds; c) 1250 ml of biological fungicide (FB - commercial product Trichodermil) in 100 kg of seeds; and, d) 500 ml of RC plus 1250 ml FB in 100 kg of seeds. They were evaluated severity of root rot, incidence of fusarium wilt, grain yield, mass of 100 grains, number of beans for plant, number of grains for bean and initial and final stand of the commom bean. Experiment 2: the subplots consisted of the following treatments: a) control; b) 500 ml of growth regulator (RC - commercial product Stimulate) in 100 kg of seeds; c) 250 ml of RC for hectare in the V4 development stage, foliar treatment; and, d) 500 ml RC in 100 kg of seeds and 250 ml of RC for hectare via foliar, in the V4 development stage. They were evaluated the grain yield, mass of 100 grains, number of beans for plant, number of grains for bean and initial and final stand of the commom bean. The obtained data of the studied variables were submitted to the variance analyses being applied the F test, and when there were differences among the averages, these were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. Experiment 1: The treatments with Trichoderma sp. and growth regulators applied via seeds did not showed significant effect in the analyzed variables. The sorghum straw favored the increase of the severity of the root rot and of the fusarium wilt in the common bean crop, causing a lower grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained in the millet straw. Experiment 2: The treatments with growth regulator applied via seeds and foliar did not significantly influenced the common bean grain yield. The predecessor cover crops influenced the common bean grain yield, and the millet was that provided the largest common bean grain yield.Item Caracterização genética de populações naturais de araticunzeiro (Annona crassiflora Mart.) pela análise de cpDNA(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005-08-30) BLANCO, Angel José Vieira; COELHO, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925The araticunzeiro (Annona crassiflora Mart.) is a tropical fruit tree species from the Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah) with high economic potential. The strong degradation of the Cerrado, allied to the predatory extractivism that threatens the species, points out to the necessity of development of research to support future conservation programs. With the aim to furnish information about the genetic status of this species and to guide future conservation strategies, 82 individuals from 11 natural populations were submitted to genetic analysis. The coalescent based analysis of the polymorphism present in the trn-L cpDNA allowed the detection of high levels of genetic diversity in the species. In spite of the high level of genetic similarity among different populations the results produced suggested that, , there is an incipient, but statistically significant, increasing differentiation process taking place due to current status of geographical isolation and genetic drift. The genetic differentiation coefficient estimated was equal to 7.3%. The spatial genetic divergence analyses suggested that the genetic distances are not associated to geographical distances between populations, evidencing the absence of current gene flow between adjacent populations. The coalescent based approach allowed the identification of different evolutionary scenes to the investigated populations. Among sampled populations cases from well conserved status to dangerous low levels of genetic diversity were detected. Results obtained by the use of coalescent models to infer the divergence time between populations suggested that natural populations of A. crassiflora were, until recently, part of a great regional continuum. These findings suggest that the low levels of genetic diversity among different populations must be due to the small time since isolation.