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Item Modelagem matemática da variação espaço-temporal da temperatura média diária e do ciclo do algodoeiro herbáceo no Estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-14) ANTONINI, Jorge Cesar dos Anjos; OLIVEIRA, Virlei Alvaro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0739376049142731; OLIVEIRA, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5499109407814908; GRIEBELER, Nori Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2953067359172793The regional climatic conditions in the State of Goias Brazil are favorable for herbaceous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium hutch) cultivation. However, for achieving the best productivities, it is important that both the planting date and the fruiting period be matched with the adequate soil-water availability as well as that the period from open bull to harvesting be coincident with the dry period. Thus, the knowledge of cotton cycle as function of planting location is very important for choosing the optimum planting date. In this context, the air temperature is one of the climatic variables that mostly influence the cotton growth. Nevertheless, the low density of meteorological stations with capability for measuring temperature has restricted the modeling studies for estimating cotton cycle. This work was carried out with the objective of developing and validating mathematical models to estimate average daily air temperature and based on the degreesday theory, the cycle of herbaceous cotton in the State of Goias, considering altogether its variations in space and time. Both models were based on a linear combination of elevation, latitude, longitude, and the daily time variation, represented by an incomplete Fourier series. The parameter models were adjusted to the data from 21 meteorological stations available in the State of Goiás and Federal District of Brazil, using multiple linear regressions with observations varying from eight to twenty four years. In the case of modeling degrees-day, the maximum and minimum temperature data were limited between 15°C and 40°C, which were taken as the lower and upper threshold temperatures, respectively. The air-temperature model was validated against the measured data from three meteorological stations from different elevations: high (1100 m), medium (554 m) and low (431 m). The coefficients of determination obtained from fitting the models for both daily air-temperature and daily degrees-day were 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, resulting in a medium performance for both low and high altitudes and very good for intermediate altitudes. The validation of the degrees-day model was conducted by comparing the period duration running from crop emergence to 90% open bulls observed from cotton cultivars, cropped in commercial fields. The results showed an overall performance index of 0.85, which was considered as very good. The models developed in this study adequately estimated the average daily air temperature and the cycle of herbaceous cotton cultivars in the State of GoiasItem Volatilização de amônia e produtividade do feijoeiro irrigado adubado com diferentes fontes de nitrogênio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-12-16) BERNARDES, Tatiely Gomes; SILVEIRA, Pedro Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242408931816325In the bean crop nitrogen (N) is the nutrient required in greatest quantity, being related to increases in common bean yield. As the source of this nutrient urea fertilizer is used more in the world due to its low cost per unit of N, however, its use can result in high losses due to ammonia (NH3) volatilization. This work was developed from three experiments performed in the field, conducted in the winter crop in the years 2009 and 2010, at Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antonio de Goiás, GO, Brazil. The objective was to evaluate N by NH3volatilization loss, using different sources of nitrogen fertilizer applied to irrigated common beans. The first experiment was a randomized block, with four replications, in a factorial 3 x 4, consisted of three sources of nitrogen fertilizer, urea, urea + NBPT and gradual release N fertilizer, and four rates of N, 0; 50; 100 and 150 kg ha-1, on side-dressing fertilization. In the second experiment, the design was a randomized block, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four different amounts of straw tifton (Cynodon spp. Cv. Tifton 85) on the soil surface, 0; 5; 10 and 20 Mg ha-1, and side-dressing fertilizer nitrogen with two sources, urea and gradual release N fertilizer. The third experiment was in randomized block design, with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of the application of five sources of nitrogen fertilizer, urea, urea + NBPT, urea + polymer, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate at sowing and in coverage, more control (without N). The N rates had a positive influence on grain yield of common bean. Urea caused higher NH3 volatilization, however, the conditions of the present study these losses were relatively low. Less accumulated volatilization occurred in soil with 20 Mg ha-1 straw tifton soil surface, due to higher soil water storage. The urease activity in soil was not influenced by the sources and rates of N. The common bean grain yield was not influenced by sources of nitrogen fertilizer.Item Aplicabilidade do sistema de avaliação da aptidão agrícola das terras frente à realidade do processo produtivo agropecuário goiano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-27) BORGES, Lino Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5499109407814908There are several works which aim to equate the agricultural production in function of the best use of natural resources as soil and water, in the attempt of obtaining the maximum of effectiveness in the productive system, and upon this context the evaluation of the potential of using the lands has major importance for a correct planning of agricultural activities. The elaboration of maps of agricultural aptitude is of extreme importance for the sustainable use of soil and water, it should be the first and more important instrument of agricultural planning. Because of this, the elaboration of those maps should be accompanied of a discerning methodological process, focused mainly in the socioeconomic aspects aiming to adequate it to the various levels of soil handling present nowadays. This work has as objectives: 1) Research the applicability of the evaluation system of the lands agricultural aptitude regarding the actual conditions of the agricultural productive process for two areas of the State of Goiás, basin of drainage of Córrego das Pedras and of Ribeirão Jurubatuba (nascent of Ribeirão João Leite) and of the immediate surrounding of the National Park of Emas; 2) Look for latent factors responsible for the large variability of the lands aptitude in the studied areas, and detect the similar samples considering this clustering, using for this multivariate techniques of factor analysis of principal components and discriminative. The work considers quantifying and comparing the elements of production among the various classes of agricultural aptitude, establishing qualitative differences among those aptitude classes and the handling levels, comparing the theoretical model proposed in the studies against the several realities of the researched areas. The data related to the soil types, agricultural aptitude and handling levels recommended were gathered from maps elaborated for the two areas being studied. Data regarding productivity, production costs, land value, gross revenue and local adopted technology were obtained from personal visits and direct interviews with a sample of 52 farm properties for the agricultural year of 2006/2007. Based on the information found in the 52 analyzed samples, the use of factor analysis was shown to be promising, for this study area, being an innovative aspect in the interpretation of data related to the agricultural aptitude. Two techniques of statistical multivariate analysis were used: factor analysis aiming to reduce the columns of the original matrix (variables in study) through the identification of latent factors, synthesizing the common information over all variables; and the discriminant analysis with the objective of classifying the observations, with known data. These analyses indicated that productivity and production cost are related and that a possible explanation for it may be due to the levels of handling and technology, as with the gross income it may be explained by other elements as the business opportunity, market value for the products, and not necessarily with the level of technology. It was verified also a need for establishing greater and more meaningful details regarding the handling levels for the cases of pasture and forestry. Because of the peculiarities and diversity of production systems found in the basin of Ribeirão João Leite, the system of agricultural aptitude of the lands proposed by Ramalho Filho & Beek (1995) was considered insufficient, for suggesting only three handling levels, while the dispersion of the data regarding production, productivity, production cost and gross revenue, demonstrates the need of better discrimination or hierarchization of the handling levels. For the area of the immediate surrounding of the National Park of Emas the system of agricultural aptitude was shown to be more appropriate on the handling levels recommended. The system proposed by Ramalho Filho & Beek (1995), in a certain way, plasters or limits the expectations one could have relative to the potential of certain cultures, soils and used labor force, regarding the productivity and profitability of some agricultural and forestry activities. It was verified also that the handling levels are extremely important, and they should be in greater number and more detailed than the existing 3 handling levels (A,B and C) proposed by Ramalho Filho & Beek (1995).Item Correção do solo e sistemas de rotação de culturas sobre a absorção de nutrientes e produção de soja(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-25) CAETANO, Jeander Oliveira; CARNEIRO, Marco Aurélio Carbone; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4868736525994145; PEREIRA, Hamilton Seron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4532276726985491Crop rotation and the increase in straw on the soil are among the main requirements for the implementation and maintenance of no-tillage in the Cerrado. The use of integrated crop and livestock production, coupled with the introduction of Brachiaria in agricultural areas has helped to maintain this coverage and increased amounts of plant species as alternatives to rotation. Thus, there is a need to evaluate these cover crops and forms of fertility management which are widely used by farmers in Brazil. The aim was to evaluate the effect of two forms of soil correction, four types of soil cover and four levels of KCl on production and nutrient content of aerial part dry biomass of soil cover types, the yield and content soybean leaf nutrient and chemical attributes of an Oxisol. The experimental was arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications, the field was laid out in 2x4x4 and arranged in strip-split plot design. Was evaluated the forms of soil correction initial total and annual installment (main plot), the types of soil cover Brachiaria brizantha, B. ruziziensis, sorghum crop residues and spontaneous vegetation (subplots) and the levels of KCl correspondents to 0 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1 e 60 kg ha-1 of K2O (subsubplots). On the soil, for the depths 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm analyzed the pH CaCl2, organic matter, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Al, H+Al and the contents of available P, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. In the leaves were determined N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. Was collected dry biomass of soil cover and estimated soybean yield. The forms of soil correction initial total and annual installment not influence soybean yield. B. brizantha produces highest biomass, which occurs in the highest soybean yield. Potassium is the nutrient of greatest accumulation in leaf of B. brizantha and B. ruziziensis. The increasing levels of KCl do not affect the soybean yield. The soybean yield is more affected by the kind of cover crops than by the form of correction and levels of potassium.Item Epidemiologia da ferrugem asiática da soja em ambientes do Estado de Goiás: efeito de fungicida e época de semeadura(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005-02-28) CRUVINEL, Adriane Reis; OTTONI, Giselle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4584420838543565During the last crops, the soybean rust has been appeared as one of the most important problems in the national agriculture. The direct loses on the production and in the costs with fungicides have been increased the damages on this crop. Aiming to understand better the disease epidemiology, this work searched for answers by epidemic progress in two locations, the time of planting effect, the cycle of planting, the use of fungicide, and by different cultivars. The experiments were assembled in Experimental Stations from Agência Rural in Senador Canedo and in Anápolis. For each place were used three times of planting, six cultivars on the three crop cycles (Monsoy 6101 and BRSNina premature cycle; Emgopa 315 and BRSGO Santa Cruz middle cycle; Emgopa 313 and BRSGO Paraíso late cycle), with and without fungicide action, have been evaluated on the three parts of the plant (lower, middle and upper). Each time, to each one of the places, have been considered as an experiment with spli-split-plot. After the disease symptom observations, the split under chemical control were freaked each 21 days using pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole on 66,5 g + 25 g a.i. ha-1. The evaluations, after the first symptom observation, have been done weekly up to the complete leaves took away. With the periodic severity data the Area Under Progress Disease Curve (AUPDC) and Relative Area Under Progress Disease Curve (RAUPDC), that is the area divided by the epidemic time duration, were calculated. The parameters were productivity, thousand-grains weight (TGW) and small grains percent (%SG). The delay on the start of the disease on Anápolis, comparing with Senador Canedo, increases the discussion on the results. The previous disease occurrence in Senador Canedo and the high level inoculate presented can be associated to the fact of experimental site in Senador Canedo has soybean cultivate all over the year. The delay on the start of the disease on Anápolis, compared to Senador Canedo has been resulted on productivity increase and fungicide effect decrease. Comparing the time of planting in both planting places, the second one presented the highest level of severity, but the highest level of productivity even. The use of fungicide decrease significantly the AUPDC, increase the productivity, the TGW and decrease the %SG. The premature cycle cultivars presented lowest disease severity. The cultivar Emgopa 315 although be a medium cycle presented results equals premature cycles cultivars. On each site the time of planting were differentiated. On high pressure inoculate condition the difference between evaluated factors was lower. On lower inoculate pressure the evaluated factors expressed better the changes. As conclusion we have: a) how early the disease appears higher is your effect on productivity; b) using premature cultivars the escape effect decrease the disease damages when compared to medium and late cycle; c) the disease decrease the soybean cycle by the defoliation; d) although all the cultivars presented susceptibility to rust, related to lower severity on partial resistance; e) the fungicide utilization pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole on de 66,5 g + 25 g a.i. ha-1, used on first symptom and in 21 on 21 days decrease the disease progress and the effects on productivity; f) the disease progress decrease by fungicide utilization is better in late planting; g) under the fungicide effect pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole with 66,5 g + 25 g a.i. ha-1 there s no variation time planting and site; h) under high inoculate pressure the variation between time planting on disease progress and productivity is lower; i) the time of planting must be considered but not lonely, always in association with others factors of fungus action; j) the use of RAUPDC is necessarily when there is variation the time of soybean cycle, affecting the rust epidemic duration; l) the highest disease level occurs on the part of the plant near the soil and the defoliation difficult the disease evaluation on this part of the plant; m) the most effective disease occurs on the highest parts of the plant.Item MÉTODOS DE PREDIÇÃO E ESTIMAÇÃO DE VALOR GENOTÍPICO E ESTRATIFICAÇÃO AMBIENTAL PARA AVALIAÇÃO E RECOMENDAÇÃO DE CULTIVARES(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-13) FELIPE, Cristiane Rachel de Paiva; DUARTE, João Batista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4117228759548186This research had the objective of evaluating the effects of different statistical approaches for the selection and ranking of genotypes, in the context of maize varieties trials. For that, data from real trials designed in lattice were used, in the Goiás State, Brazil, in the growing seasons of 2002/2003, 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, as well as data from simulated experiments, aiming to cover situations related to that reality. The study also intended to quantify the effects of the genotype by environment interactions (GxE) from the real trials, aiming for the environmental stratification for the maize cultivation in the State, pointing out the cultivar evaluation and recommendation. Considering those objectives, the study is divided in three scientific articles. In the first one (Chapter 3), the effects of approaches of fixed model (FF), mixed model with random effect of blocks (AF), mixed model with random effect of treatments (FA), random model (AA), and James-Stein s estimator (JS) were evaluated on the selection and ranking of genotypes tested on the maize varieties trials, coordinated by the Agência Goiana de Desenvolvimento Rural e Fundiário (AgenciaRural Goiás). The experiments, in number of 47, were installed in lattice design, with three replications, during the four cited harvest years. In the second article (Chapter 4), the same approaches were evaluated, in terms of accuracy, mean predictive deviation and precision of their estimates/predictions, considering the simulated trials, also in lattice. Forty-eight cases were considered, corresponding to the combinations of different experimental sizes (15, 54, 105, and 450 treatments), genotypic determination coefficients h2' (6%, 15%, 25%, 48%, 63% and 82%), and two probability distributions for the generation of genotypic effects (normal and uniform). One thousand trials were simulated for each case, reaching the total of 48,000 experiments. The third and last article (Chapter 5) refers to the study of the GxE interaction, emphasizing the already mentioned environmental stratification, where the winner genotypes approach in association with the AMMI analysis (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model) was adopted. Among the results and conclusions achieved through this study, it is possible to point out: i) the adoption of statistical approaches with shrinkage effect on the genotypic means results in the selection of a lower number of genotypes, especially in those trials whose mean of the check cultivars (baseline to the genotypic selection) is higher than the experimental grand mean; this fact reduces the number of genotypes with low yield potential in the next cycles of the selection program; ii) the use of models with fixed effects of treatments leads to a higher percentage of selected genotypes, mainly in the experiments whose check varieties mean overcomes the experimental grand mean; iii) among the shrinkage statistic approaches evaluated, the AA model must be preferred for the selection of genotypes, due to its capacity for better predicting the parametric genotypic effects (higher accuracy and lower mean predictive deviation), no matter if these effects are normally or uniformly distributed; iv) on the other hand, the FF model shows the worst relative performance, except for the situations where the variability among the genetic treatments is high (h2 ®1,0); v) considering low values for h2 (6%), the FA model shows efficiency similar to the AA model; vi) two established environmental strata showed to be consistent throughout the years, even when the tested genotypes were altered from one harvest season to the other: Ipameri, Inhumas and Senador Canêdo (stable to four years), and Porangatu and Orizona (stable along three years); vii) considering the obtained clustering, it is possible to reduce, at least 16%, the number of test locations currently used, and/or substitute the redundant locations by test places which better represent the recommended target region, aiming to increase the evaluation efficiency of the GxE interaction, in the scope of the genetic plant breeding program; viii) the ALBandeirante variety presents high yield potential and adaptability to the maize cultivation conditions in the Goiás State.Item Produção de frutos e entomofauna associada ao pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense CAMB.) no cerrado do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-09-21) FERREIRA, Gislene Auxiliadora; NAVES, Ronaldo Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2740049203016314; CHAVES, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; VELOSO, Valquíria da Rocha Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7952914949535819The Brazilian Savannah is rich in biodiversity and possess high number of fruitful species with potential of use for human consumption. The pequizeiro is a native species of the Savannah with economic and cultural importance for Midle-Western Brazil, needing, however, techniques that make possible the implantation of orchards, its conduction and the harvest of fruits, aiming at to reduce the pressure on the natural environment, as well as the maintenance of the regional culture. The present work considers to characterize the production of pequizeiros of natural occurrence in fifteen dispersed populations in five regions of the State of Goiás; to study the occurrence, behavior and bioecology of entomofauna present in the plants of the pequizeiro in sixteen populations of pequizeiro of the State of Goiás; e to evaluate the occurrence of Eunica bechina in fourteen locations of this State with raised natural occurrence of pequizeiros and its potential of plague. The criterion of election of the populations considered the biggest space dispersion of these, the bigger production of fruits, and the relative nucleation of the trees of pequizeiro in each population. The studied pequizeiros had presented averages: production (132,28 fruits/plant), diameter in the base (0,40 m), diameter in the height of the chest (0,35 m), total height (7,64 m), height of the pantry to the ground (2,97 m), projection of the area of the pantry (83,34 m2), with 1,58 average frutos.m-2 of projection of the area of the pantry in the ground. Promising plants for future programs of improvement of the pequizeiro exist. The production of the pequizeiro is irregular in the State of Goiás between harvests, plants and population, being considered on average low. There is one raised group of organisms interacting with the pequizeiro , being distinguished the insects that can contributed for the production. The species gotten with the percentages of occurrence in the different populations belonged to the orders, respectively: Hemiptera (25.64%), Coleoptera (17.95%), Lepidoptera (16.67%), Hymenoptera (15.39%), Díptera (11.54%), Orthoptera (6.41%), Neuroptera (2.56%), Isoptera (1.28%), Thysanoptera (1.28%), Psicoptera (1.28%). The joined species in the sixteen pequizeiro populations had more frequently been: Eulechriops sp. (100%), Atta laevigatta (93.75%), Eunica bechina (93.75%), Lyriomisia sp. (93.75%), Edessa rufomarginata (100%) and Rhodoneura intermedia (100%), Phydotricha erigens (81.75%). The species T. tibiali, A laevigatta, R. intermedia, Carmenta sp., E. rufomarginata and E. bechina can be considered potential plagues of the pequizeiro in the Savannah of the State of Goiás. It is needed more studies on the contribution of the fauna, illnesses, the one grass-of-bird and of the insolation in the production of the pequizeiro . It is necessary the establishment of sustainable measures of handling for the extractive and the plantation, conduction and production of fruits of the pequizeiro .Item Características fitotécnicas e acúmulo de nutrientes em cultivares de crisântemo para vaso, em Goianira - GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-19) FERREIRA, Luciana Domingues Bittencourt; NASCIMENTO, Jorge Luiz do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1613681986702987The market of chrysanthemum has grown in recent years, mainly due to its versatility as a product, which gives color and shape varied, and affordable to many consumption patterns. But there is a need for adequacy of technical and scientific information on culture, especially depending on the opening of new producing areas in Brazil and the introduction on the market of new cultivars. The objective was evaluate the performance of three cultivars of chrysanthemum in pot grown in the Goianira - GO between the months of August and October 2007. Plant characteristics were evaluated, quality, and determined to the nutrient uptake rate of the cultivars. Worked with the cultivars White Diamond, Eugene Yellow and Durban in five phenological stages, 20, 34, 48, 62 and 76 days after the planting - DAP. Treatments were arranged in a 3x5 factorial in completely randomized design with five replications. The results found that the cultivar White Diamond presented the lowest dry matter accumulation in all plant organs analyzed. Eugene Yellow showed the highest dry matter accumulation of leaves and stems, and accumulated more in Durban and plant flowers. With respect to phenological stages, the dry matter accumulation in different organs has been growing throughout the production cycle, reaching accumulations of 6.02, 8.75 and 9.55 for g.plant-1 White Diamond, Eugene Yellow and Durban, respectively. The scale of marks for the classification standard of quality, the cultivars had values within the limits pre-established by standards. The accumulation of nutrients in various organs of the plants differed between cultivars. In cultivar White Diamond, the N, K and S are accumulated in larger quantities by inflorescences, P, Ca, Mg and Mn in leaves and Cu and Zn in the stems. The highest accumulation of nutrients in Eugene Yellow were N, K, Mg, Mn and Zn in leaves, P, Ca and Cu in stems and flowers in S. Cultivar in Durban, the largest accumulation of N, P, K, Mg and S were observed in the inflorescences, and Ca in the leaves. Demand for nutrients has been increasing throughout the production cycle with the maximum observed 76 DAP. The total accumulation of macronutrients for the cultivars showed the following order: K> N> Ca> P> Mg> S. And to cultivate White Diamond and Eugene Yellow was the sequence of micronutrientes Mn> Zn> Cu.Item Caracterização biológica e fisiológica de populações de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e avaliação da resistência genética em cultivares de soja(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-06-29) GARCIA, Riccely ávila; CUNHA, Marcos Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2006008625763742The soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) is the main cultivated species on the country, having an average productivity of 3,106 kg.ha-1 in an area of 24.2 million hectares, giving to Brazil the second place in world production. Among the factors that limit the yield, the profitability and the successful production of this legume, diseases are a highlight. Among them, the white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) of Bary, is gaining importance in the soybean fields on the Brazilian Cerrado . The control of this disease is being considered difficult due to the absence of resistant cultivars, fungus survival in soil during long periods, range of hosts, large number of ascospores produced by apothecium and their fast dissemination on relatively long distances from the source and survival in seeds on mycelial dormant form or sclerotia, contaminating the batches. This work had the aim to study the genetic variability of S. sclerotiorum populations; evaluate the aggressiveness of isolates in soybean culture; evaluate the sensitivity of isolates to fungicides, temperatures and light regime; select an inoculation method of S. sclerotiorum in soybean plants, efficient and practical and; characterize soybean cultivars for reaction to S. sclerotiorum. The experiments were conducted on the Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Goiás . The collection of isolates was obtained by collecting sclerotia in soybean plants in eight municipalities of the Brazilian Central Region, Silvânia GO, Anápolis GO, São Miguel do Passa Quatro GO, Água Fria GO, Montividiu GO, Chapadão do Sul MS, Uberlândia MG and Patrocínio MG. The tests of mycelial compatibility were performed in MPM (Modified Patterson s Medium) and in PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium, having the mycelial reactions of compatibility and incompatibility evaluated seven days after incubation. Analyzes of mycelial compatibility were performed in each sampled municipality, with a number of 25 isolates, as well as among groups of mycelial compatibility of each municipality, totaling 31 isolates. To evaluation of aggressiveness, 21 isolates representing each group of mycelial compatibility, found in each studied locality, were inoculated by the tip method on the petiole in the cultivars M-SOY 7908 RR and BRSGO 7760 RR. The evaluations of lesion length on stem were made three and seven days after inoculation. The same 21 isolates used on aggressiveness experiments were evaluated for sensibility to fungicides fluopyram, boscalid, thiophanate methyl, carbedanzim, dimoxystrobin + boscalid, procymidone and fluazinam. Those isolates were also evaluated for sensibility on temperatures 10oC, 15oC, 20oC, 25oC and 30oC, in light regime conditions of 12 hours and continuous darkness. For selection of a inoculation method both efficient and practical, four inoculation methods were used in soybean cultivars M-SOY 7908 RR and BRS 7760 RR using only one isolate. The characterization of soybean cultivars regarding reaction to S. sclerotiorum was made by means of an aggressive isolate, selected on aggressiveness experiments, and by the tip method. In this experiment forty cultivars were evaluated in totally randomized design with 3 repetitions. In intrapopulation analysis, was verified that the genetic variability in S. sclerotiorum was low, while in interpopulation analysis, eight compatibility groups were found, one of the groups more aggressive than the other ones. There was significant difference among isolates for the aggressiveness in the two cultivars, being the M-SOY 7908 RR cultivar the most susceptible. The isolates were highly sensible to fungicides boscalid, carbendazim, dimoxystrobin + boscalid, procymidone, fluopyram and fluazinam, only the isolate SSUB 18 was moderately sensible to the fungicide fluopyram. Most of isolates had insensibility to the fungicide thiophanate methyl. The best temperature for mycelial growth of isolates was 25oC, regardless the light regime. The tip method of inoculation in petiole was efficient and practical for characterization of soybean cultivars for their reaction to S. sclerotiorum. There is varietal difference among soybean cultivars for resistance to white mold, being cultivars BRSGO 8460RR, BRSGO Ipameri and P98Y11 the most resistant ones, on the present study conditions.Item USO AGRONÔMICO DE LODO DE ESGOTO NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREA DEGRADADA: EFEITO RESIDUAL(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-01-31) GODOI, Emiliano Lobo de; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062The agricultural use of sewage sludge for recovery of degraded areas is one the main alternatives for final disposal of the resultant residue of cities treated sewer. The present work had the aim of evaluating the residual effect sewage sludge from the Sewer Treatment Station of Goiânia, after 41 months of its use on soil in increasing on length and diameter and in survival index of arboreous species mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva), paineira (Chorisia speciosa) and pau-de-óleo (Copaifera langsdorffii). The following soil parameters were evaluated: pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, cadmium, chromo, nickel and lead. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, including the following treatments: 1) control; 2) mineral fertilizer; 3) 20 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid; 4) 20 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid + bio-stimulator; 5) 40 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid; 6) 40 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid + bio-stimulator; 7) 60 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid; 8) 60 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid + bio-stimulator. The residual effect of bio-solid affected positively the increasing on length, diameter and in survival index of mutamba (G. ulmifolia); the increasing on length and diameter of aroeira (M. urundeuva); the diameter and in survival index of paineira (C. speciosa); and the diameter of pau-de-óleo (C. langsdorffii) only in the cases where bio-stimulator was associated. It was verified that the appliance of single doses of bio-solid enhanced significantly the increase of pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, phosphorus, calcium, iron, copper and zinc in the soil, and a reduced tendency in the total content of magnesium cadmium, lead and chromo. The total content of potassium, manganese and nickel in the soil did not affect until 41 months of bio-solid single doses application. The present work suggests that the agricultural use of sewage sludge from the Sewer Treatment Station of Goiânia as an organic manure is both environmentally and technically viable. However, there must be a persistent control over its effects on the chemical properties of the soil.Item Caracterização e avaliação de parâmetros qualitativos de híbridos de milho para elaboração de pamonhas na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-07-30) GONÇALVES, Sara Lane Sousa; OLIVEIRA, Jaison Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7342298421214478; BRASIL, Edward Madureira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6555744240223597The importance of maize and their quality is unquestionable, due to its diversification of use. The Green maize is considered a special type of corn, as sweet corn, popcorn, maize, waxy maize white corn, baby corn, etc., and as such, is not included in systematic surveys of agricultural crops of the Brazilian Institute of geography and statistics. In this sense porpose in this work, characterize some productive aspects of pamonharias of the metropolitan area of the city of Goiânia and identify, according to these aspects, characteristics phytotecnic and desirable technology for green maize producing pamonhas. Due to specificity of stewardship, green maize is ranked as one of the types of special maize, and to work with special types of maize, the producer must have a secure channel connection with buyers and market access. This conduit is performed largely by the distributors. The Green maize market for producing pamonhas requires rigorous qualitative assessments, which imposes a greater control of the quality of its products. According to these requirements, some commercial companies and producers are seeking to develop plant varieties, besides that they permit the achievement of high productivity of spikes, agronomic and technological characteristics have favorable, whereas microbiological aspects, physiological, throughout the product. The State of Goiás is nationally known for pamonhas and existing in their pamonharias cities. In Goiania, concentrates a large number of pamonharias, in which the goianiense is not limited to the traditional pamonha, offering its customers a wide variety of delicacies of corn. The pamonha, which in its formulation uses the mass obtained from green maize added to other products, is cooked in own corn straw and served for consumption, and fried, or baked after being baked. The State of Goiás is nationally known for pamonhas and existing in their pamonharias cities. In Goiania, concentrates a large number of pamonharias, in which the goianiense is not limited to the traditional pamonha, offering its customers a wide variety of delicacies of maize. However, the cultivation of green maize, whereas their by-products in particular pamonha, could provide the farmer profitability since the entire production chain is the most well studied quantitatively and qualitatively. Such studies may provide the producer with access to a differentiated market and expanding, offering consumers a healthy food the right price, approaching the farmer to the consumer.Item Otimização de sistemas de irrigação por aspersão pivô central(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) MEDEIROS, Antonio Marcos de Melo; OLIVEIRA, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5499109407814908; SILVEIRA, Pedro Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242408931816325It has been noticed lately that some regions of Brazil has presented lower supplying of water and energy. It has occurred mainly during the period of the year when it is higher the need for irrigation water. It is necessary to recognize the possibility of negative impacts of irrigation, to analyze them and present solutions so as to improve the irrigation systems. The aim of this study is the estimation by one system of irrigating the central pivot, breaking from the characteristics of this systems and considering the analyzed of varies combinations of pipes for water main and lateral line, choice of the set motor pump with major yield, utilization and comparison among motor standard and of high yield after the selection from best option in diameter from water main and lateral line, analyze the system using a variable frequency drives. The result with the calculations performed was an energy saving of 25% considering the use of the diameter for the two economic systems adopted. For analysis using a frequency inverter with resulted in a saving of 9.23% for center pivot irrigation system exists, and for the new center pivot irrigation system resulted in savings of 10.6%. The analysis of return on investment considering the use of the system with variable frequency drive was a rate of return on investment of 6.52% pa, center pivot irrigation system for existing and center pivot irrigation system was again 9.48 % pa. The project's return, more long-term, or feasible in the short term, considering the benchmark interest rate to 12.25% pa. The results presented in the study show that there is great potential for power savings, and economic analysis showed the feasibility of the system with return on invested capital. The calculation used for determining the center pivot irrigation system reduces the cost and time to obtain data that make analysis of the potential of saving electricity.Item Indicadores de sustentabilidade em sistemas de rotação e sucessão de culturas com algodoeiro em plantio direto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-08-30) MENEZES, Luiz Antonio Silva; OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Juarez Patrício de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3493497589009413; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937The objective of this wok was to monitor sustainability indicators of soil involving the cotton plant in different crop rotation and succession systems, as well as to evaluate cover crop species which best adapt and that have longer longevity of decomposition as well as their effects on the physical and chemical properties and characteristics of soil. The field trials were developed in two sites. One experiment was conducted on the experimental Farm of Campus II of the UFG, in the town of Goiânia-GO and the other in the experimental area of the Fundação GO, in the town of Santa Helena de Goiás- GO. Both plant mass yield and decomposition longevity were evaluated in Goiânia by the litterbag process as well as also the physical and chemical characteristics of soil and cotton seed yield kg ha-1 and grain soybean kg ha-1, upon the effect of different cover crop species. The single covers which provided increased dry plant mass yields were grain sorghum followed by feather-grass, Crotalária + Millet and Brachiaria and in longevity, the decomposition of the plant mass was maximum in the first 22 days standing out the mixture Mucuna + grain sorghum which showed highest residual plant mass yield. Most of the treatments involving the cover plant species in Goiânia presented the values of resistance to penetration (RP) within the ranges considered from high to low. Crotalária (Crotalária juncea) presented in Goiânia the lowest RP in solo, this being able to be the best option for the farming system management. The lowest values of RP found at Santa Helena were obtained by the cover crops Pigeon pea, Millet and grain sorghum. The crop rotation systems studied did no differ as to the effect of soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and average diameter of aggregates. The elements P and Ca proved limiting as well as pH, V% and CEC for the cotton crop. There was no influence of the cover crop species on yield of the cotton plant and soybean.Item Ação de produtos químico in vitro, em mudas e em campo sobre a mancha bacteriana (Xanthomonas perforans e X. gardneri) em tomate para processamento industrial(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-17) NASCIMENTO, Abadia dos Reis; FERNANDES, Paulo Marçal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9497281141847296The search of alternative products for tomato bacterial spot has been promoting by the lack of effectiveness registered by the traditional products available. The objective of this work was to evaluate a range of chemical products by in vitro tests, in experiments seedlings and field experiments. The products studied were: acibenzolar-S-methyl; benzalkonium chloride; phosphite; copper hydroxide, copper oxicloreto; metiram + pyraclostrobin and famoxadone + mancozebe. The in vitro tests were carried out at Embrapa Hortaliça, Brasília-DF, in July of 2007. The bactericide action was evaluated on Xanthomonas perforans and X. gardneri. The trial was in a complete randomized block design with four replications and plot was constituted by a Petri plate impregnated with solidified bacterial suspension. The halo of inhibition formed was evaluated. The experiments with seedlings were carried out with the hybrid Heinz 9553 at the commercial nursery VIVATI in Rio Verde, Goiás, in August to September and November to December of 2008. There were three trials in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The products were sprayed by using CO2 portable sprayer. The inoculation occurred 29 days after sowing, with an isolated of X. gardneri. Disease severity was evaluated on 15 leaflets per plot at 14 and 16 days after inoculation of the first and second experiment, respectively. Data was expressed as percentage of leaf affected by program Quant. It was also suggested a possible interaction between the regulator of growth paclobutrazol and the behavior of certain products in the reduction of the severity of the disease. Two field trials were carried out at the experimental farm of Unilever Bestfoods, in Goiânia-GO, from February to June of 2007 and April to August of 2008. The first was with the hybrid Heinz 9992 in a complete randomized block design, with 15 treatments and three replications, and inoculated with X. perforans. The second was in a split plot completely randobized block design with three replications. Variety (Hypeel 108 and U2006) was ascertained for factor A and the 10 treatments for factor B. Xanthomonas perforans and X. gardneri were inoculated in different moments. In both trials foliage severity, number of fruits with symptoms and yield were evaluated. In the second trial fruits with sun scald was also taken. In the in vitro test, the products to which X. perforans and X. gardneri were sensitive in the recommended dose were the benzalkonium chloride and famoxadone + mancozeb. Methiram + pyraclostrobin had action in the dosage recommended only for X. gardneri. Xanthomonas perforans was sensitive to this product only starting from ten times more. The products of copper base did not have action in the bacteria at the recommended dose, being sensitive only at a hundred time more. For the trials of seedlings it was noticed that metiram + pyraclostrobin, copper oxicloreto, famoxadone + mancozebe, phosphite and copper hydroxide reduced the severity under certain conditions. In the field trials, in generally, acibenzolar-S-methyl and famoxadone + mancozeb lead to the better results.Item Adubação de mudas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), em viveiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-08) PACHECO, Abílio Rodrigues; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062Producing seedlings of good quality is an important step in the process of planting forest species. Addition of lime and fertilizers contribute in obtaining good quality seedlings, however, information is limited on fertilization and nutrition of native species of savannah. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth response of baru seedlings (Dipteryx alata Vog.) to organic and mineral fertilizers. Seedlings were produced in plastic bags with a diameter of 20 cm x 30 cm and capacity of four liters of substrate. Clay Dark Red Latosol collected from subsoil (20 cm depth) from Federal District of Planaltina, DF was used. The first experiment was conducted in complete randomized blocks, with eleven treatments in a factorial arrangement (4X2), with three replications (composed of seedlings coming from different matrix) and plots consisted of three seedlings. The treatments tested were E0+D0, E10+D0, E20+D0, E30+D0, E0+D1, E0+D2, E0+ALL, E10+D1, E10+D2, E10+ALL and E20+D1, where: E0, E10, E20 and E30 are doses of cattle manure varied from 0 to 30% in relation to final volume of mixed subsoil; D1 and D2 are traditional rates of chemical fertilizers, and D2 is double of D1 and D1 equivalent to dolomitic lime incorporated in the subsoil (0,5 g L-1) + P (150 mg L-1) + K (200 mg L-1) + Zn (5 mg L-1) + Cu (5 mg L-1) + Mn (5 mg L-1) + B (1 mg L-1) + Mo (0,5 mg L-1) + N (50 mg recipient-1 month-1, diluted in water); P and K were applied in the form of triple superphosphate and potassium chloride, respectively, Zn, Cu and Mn in the form of sulfates, B and Mo in the forms of borax and sodium molibidate, respectively.; ALL is symbol of slow release fertilizer in six months (2.4 g recipient-1 after emergence of seedlings and five months of age), contain N (15%), P2O5 (10%), K2O (10%), Ca (3,5), Mg (1,5%), S (3%), B (0,02%), Cu (0,05%), Fe (0,5%), Mn (0,1%), Zn (0,05%) and Mo (0,004%). In others experiments (1, 2, 3, and 4) baru seedlings were submitted to four rates of dolomitic lime (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g L-1 of substrate), P (0, 150, 300 and 600 mg L-1), K (0,100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) and N (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg seedling-1 month-1), in combination with two rates of cattle manure (10% and 20% in relation to final volume of mixture with subsoil). These experiments were conducted in complete randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement (4x2), with three replications (composed of seedlings coming from different matrix) and plots consisted of three seedlings. Source of N was urea (45% N), P triple superphosphate (45% P2O5), and K potassium chloride (60% K2O), respectively. After eight month of seedlings age following observations were made: Stem diameter of 5 cm height, plant height, top dry matter, soil and leaves chemical analysis for each treatment combination. In the first experiment, baru seedlings presented positive response to addition of traditional chemical fertilizers (rates D1 and D2) and slow release (ALL). Organic manure improved growth of seedlings with the addition of 20% and 30% cattle manure, however there was no difference between two rates. All treatments tested permitted production of seedlings of good quality for commercial sale and planting in the field, except of control treatment without fertilization (E0%+D0) and which received only 10% cattle manure with addition of subsoil (E10%+D0). Organic manure (20% cattle manure) and mineral fertilizers (D1, D2 and ALL) increased fertility of the substrate and leaf concentrations of N, P, K, S and Zn. In the experiments 1 and 4, seedlings presented positive growth to cattle manure incorporated in the subsoil, rate 20% better than rate 10%. Incorporation of cattle manure in the subsoil in the dose of 20%, supplied adequate fertilization in the substrate and foliar nutrition for growth and mineral nutrition of baru seedlings. In the presence of cattle manure incorporated in the subsoil in the 10 and 20% rates, seedling growth response was negative with the addition of potassium and there was no response with the addition of lime and phosphorus. Nitrogen topdressing monthly gave positive response to growth and height, stem diameter, top dry weight, when applied after incorporation of cattle manure in the subsoil in the dose of 10%, but response was positive in relation to height with rate of 20% cattle manure.Item Biomassa carbonizada como condiciondor de solo: aspectos agronômicos e ambientais do seu uso em solos de cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-02) PETTER, Fabiano André; MADARI, Beata Emoke; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0302689027695014; CARNEIRO, Marco Aurélio Carbone; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4868736525994145The effect of biochar on the chemical and biological soil properties, on the physiological response and productivity of soybean and upland Rice and on N2O emission was investigated. The study was carried out in Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso state between September 2006 and May 2009 on two different soil types: Haplic Ferralsol (soybean) and Dystric Cambisol (rice). The experimental design was a combination of strips and random blocks where 5 doses (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1 e 400 kg ha-1) of NPK (0-20-20) were distributed in strips and 5 doses of biochar (0 Mg ha-1, 2 Mg ha-1, 4 Mg ha-1, 8 Mg ha-1 e 16 Mg ha-1) in random a manner in the case of soybean and 4 doses (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1) of NPK (05-25-15) were distributed in strips and 4 doses of biochar (0 Mg ha-1, 8 Mg ha-1, 16 Mg ha-1 and 32 Mg ha-1) in random a manner in the case of rice. For rice urea was applied as top dressing corresponding the NPK doses: 0 kg ha-1, 15 kg ha-1, 32 kg ha-1 e 50 kg ha-1 de N, respectively. Every treatment had 4 replications. The biochar was applied only once, before the instalation of the experiments to the 0-15 cm soil layer. Soil fertility parameters were evaluated in samples collected at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm and pH, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, SOM and total C and N were measured. Among physiological parameters the height and dry mass of plants were evaluated plus the nutrient levels in plant tissue at flowering and yield. The evaluation of soil biological parameters included the basal respiration rate of the soil (C-CO2) and the microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were also measured. Total C was significantly higher at 0-10 cm in the 1st year after biochar application and at 10-20 cm in the 3rd year in the treatment with 16 Mg ha-1 biochar. There was interaction between biochar and NPK, resulting in increase in K levels at 0-10 cm, 1st and 3rd year after application of biochar and decrease in exchangeable acidity in the 1st year. The 8 Mg ha-1 and 16 Mg ha-1 biochar doses resulted in higher values of plant height and dry mass both in the 1st and 3rd year, however, biochar had no effect on nutrient levels in plant tissue. Soybean yields were, again, significantly affected by biochar doses in a positive and quadratic manner both in the 1st and 3rd year. There was a significant increase in P, Ca, levels and pH, and Al and exchangeable acidity (H+Al) were reduced at 0-10 cm in the treatments with 32 Mg ha-1 biochar. Similar effect was observed for (H+Al) and K at 10-20 cm. Biochar had no effect on other soil chemical parameters. It negatively affected the dry mass of the plants at 25 and 55 DAP, however, did not have influence on plant height. Rice yield was directly and linearly influenced by biochar doses. Increase in nutrient use efficiency (N, P, K) was also observed at the highest biochar dose (32 Mg ha-1). Biochar had no effect on C-CO2 and MBC but seu uso resulted in higher emission rates of N2O at the 32 Mg ha-1 dose. In conclusion, in general, biochar had similar effects on soil chemical properties and yields, however its effect was manifested in a greater manner (larger contrast) in the more sandy soil. It increased nutrient use efficiency. As of plant height and dry mass, soybean gave better response for biochar application than rice. Finally, biochar seems to maintain its effect on yield and increases its effect on SOM accumulation over time.Item Classes granulométricas e modo de aplicação de calcário na cultura do milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-06-30) RATKE, Rafael Felippe; PEREIRA, Hamilton Seron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4532276726985491Lime particle size is key to soil correction as it defines the reactivity of the soil due to its low solubility. The lime presenting a particle size larger than 0,3 mm corrects soil acidity and enables soil residual effect whereas the finely ground lime presents a lower residual effect, however; it promotes soil acidity correction and can percolate in the layer correcting subsoil acidity. This study aimed at clarifying chemical alterations in the soil applying lime following two procedures: i)incorporation of limestone presenting particle size larger than 0.3 mm and; ii) finely ground limestone onto the soil surface. Both liming strategies were performed at corn crops harvested in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The experiments were assembled into randomized blocks with four repetitions using dystroferric Red Latosol. The incorporated dolomitic lime particle sizes were as follows: 0.20 mm to 0.30 mm; 0.30 mm to 0.56 mm; 0.56 mm to 0.82 mm and 0.82 mm to 2.00 mm, at doses of 1.3; 2.6; 3.9 e 6.5 t ha-1 respectively. The lime particle sizes applied onto soil surface were as follows: 0.30 mm to 0.20 mm; 0.20 mm to 0.10 mm; 0.10 mm to 0.05 mm and 0.05 mm to 0.01 mm, at the dose of 1.3 t ha-1, a control treatment (with no lime) was the same for both experiments. Chemical attributes of the soil, root attributes, leaf nutrients and corn yield were assessed at two crops 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The results demonstrated that by using higher doses of lime with less reactive particle sizes, i.e., larger than 0.30 mm, it was possible to correct the soil in the same way as using lime with 0.20 mm to 0.30, and with residual effect on the second year of research. The use of lime with particles of 0.30 to 0.20 applied onto soil surface reduced exchangeable Al and increased the levels of Ca and Mg within the soil profile. The use of lime presenting particle size larger than 0.82 mm and at the quantity of 6.5 t ha-1 applied and incorporated onto the soil evidenced root lengthening of the corn at the layer of 20-40 cm of depth in the soil. There was higher corn yield on the first year using the same particle size. Regarding the second crop, there was no difference concerning corn yield among lime particle sizes incorporated to the soil. Corn yield was not influenced by the use of finely ground lime onto the soil at both assessed crops. The level of corn leaf nutrients were influenced by the use of lime of different particle sizes incorporated and superficially applied to the soil. The root lengthening at the layer of 20-40 cm of depth was greater when there was the use of lime particle sizes between 0.30 mm and 0.20 applied to soil surface. Root attributes assessed at corn crop with the use of lime with different particle sizes correlated with leaf levels of Cu on the first year, and of K and Ca on the second year. There was a correlation between the length of the roots and corn yield on the second year as well. The use of finely ground lime onto soil surface promoted a significant correlation between root mass and the level of Mn in the corn leaves on the first year.Item Comportamento hídrico na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão João Leite, GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-18) SANTOS, Eduardo Henrique Mendes dos; GRIEBELER, Nori Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2953067359172793The hydrological behavior of watersheds derives mainly from the processes of climate variability and land use, and thus, may be affected by human action. The João Leite river is the main source of water supply of Goiânia, in addition to providing water to multiple uses throughout the basin. In the last decades, this catchment have been pass for intensive changes in land use, and recently, with the increasing pressure on water resources, conflicts because the relative scarcity of water quantity and quality, have been reported among users. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the trend of hydrological variables between 1975 and 2005; to test the semivariograma model spherical, exponential and Gaussian, adjusted by the method of weighted least squares in the mapping by kriging of monthly and annual average precipitation; classify the land use between 1979 and 2005, establishing the qualitative and quantitative association of the flow rate with the land use and climate variability and finally, assess the available water produced by the combination of different flow rates of reference and criteria for award. For this, we used satellite images from the years of 1979, 1989, 1997 and 2005, data flow from the Captação João Leite gauging station and rainfall from 14 stations, provided by National Water Agency of Brazil. It was found a good performance of geostatistics techniques to map the average monthly and annual precipitation, with emphasis on exponential model that show the best fit. The land use was marked by 17.8% of the deforestation, expansion of the urbanization and agriculture at 6.6 and 15.2% respectively, and expressive area of grassland, about 40% over of time. The declining trend observed in the flow can be explained, in part, by the reduction of the rain rate, however, due to the significant increase in stream water collected at João Leite river and lack of historical records, there was difficulty in the qualitative association between flow rate and land use, however, quantitative analysis models show coefficients of determination (R ²) above 0.75. It was noted that the establishment of a single value for the flow of reference, regardless in irrational use of water. The adoption of the monthly reference flow show highly promising alternative to optimize the use of surface water resources in the João Leite watershed, and consequently, to the Goiás state, providing 40% more water than that provided by the criterion of single value.Item Impacto de sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária na qualidade física do solo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) SANTOS, Glenio Guimarães; MARCHÃO, Robélio Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8221411455171332; SILVEIRA, Pedro Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242408931816325When the agricultural usage becomes more intensive, the soil-water physical attributes can undergo significant modifications which are generally adverse to plant growth. The changes can be rather easily detected when the cultivated systems are compared with the same soil still under natural Cerrado vegetation. The use of the system of crop-livestock integration can lead to marked changes in the physical, chemical, and biological soil attributes that can affect the development and hence the productivity of the crops that come after the pasture. This study aimed at analyzing quantitatively by means of attributes of soil-water relations, the main changes in soil quality, resulting from long-term soil usage under integrated crop-livestock, conducted in Cerrado area. The study was carried out by sampling soil trenches dug in the Capivara Farm of Embrapa Rice and Beans, as well as, in a private farm, located nearby Embrapa property. The trenches were sampled in the following depths: 2.5-7.5 cm, 12.5-17.5 cm, 22.5-27.5 cm, 42.5-47.5 cm, 72.5-77.5 cm and 142.5-147.5 cm. The evaluations were carried in six production systems, with an average of 13.5 ha in each area, being characterized by its current usage as: P1 system (Brachiaria brizantha grazing managed for four years); P2 system (Brachiaria brizantha grazing managed for two years); P3 system (Brachiaria brizantha grazing managed for three years); C1 system (soybean under no-tillage); C2 system (rice under conventional tillage) and C3 system (maize + Brachiaria brizantha under no-tillage). It was also used a seventh area, kept under continuous grazing with Brachiaria decumbens managed for 19 years, identified as CP, and an eighth area of the native cerrado vegetation, identified as CE. Generally, the soil-water physical attributes, and among them, the soilwater retention curves and the respective S-index values are altered when managed with agricultural implements and animal grazing in comparison to native cerrado area, considered in this study as a reference area. The use of S-index to evaluate the soil physical quality from the point of view of its structure quality by means of the soil-water retention curve can be a viable option, since it does not have some of the restrictions found by using other soil quality indicators. However, its use requires a greater number of regionalized investigations for different tillage systems and crops, soil types, climate, soil biological activity, among others, in order to relate the critical values with average productivity, so it can used safely to appraise the "effective" soil physical qualityItem Impactos da aplicação de vinhaça sobre as propriedades químicas do solo e de seu efluente(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-08-17) SILVA, Mellissa Ananias Soler da; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062; KLIEMANN, Huberto José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6440607205386937The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of vinasse on soil columns effluents besides quantify ionic species in soil layers as affected by vinasse application, and its downward movement along time. Soil samples were collected at two different areas: the first one is a sugarcane field cropped during 21 years; the second one, an untouched savannah area. Soil samples were brought to Greenhouse of Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos (EA/UFG) and were built two experiments: 1º) These samples were inserted into PVC columns with 120 cm height x 25 cm diameter, inner coated with raffia bags, and cropped with sugarcane. Vinasse treatments were applied on soil columns at rates equivalent to 0, 300, 600 e 1200 m3 ha-1. Effluents were sampled at four times (0, 60, 90 and 120 days) after vinasse application, followed by chemical determination of organic carbon (CO), Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4 +, NO3 -, SO4 2- and, pH; 2º) These samples were put into PVC columns with 120 cm height x 10 cm diameter, inner coated with two waterproof ink layers mixed with sand, partially cut into 0-10, 10- 20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-120 cm layers. Vinasse treatments were applied with no additional water on soil columns at rates equivalent to 0, 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 m3 ha-1. At each date 0, 60, 90 and 120 days after the beginning of the experiment correspondent layers from the soil columns were sampled for soil chemical analyses of P, NO3 -, NH4 +, Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2-, CO, pH and CEC. In the first one were concluded the vinasse increase the effluents pH. When the amount of vinasse was 1200 m3 ha-1 the complexes of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations and SO4 2- and Cl- anions with organic matter were formed, enhancing their leaching. Applications of high amounts then 1200 m3 ha-1 of vinasse may disperse the soil. In the second one was observed the vinasse applications increase K+, Ca2+ and Na+ and P availability on surface and on downward layers of the soil profiles. Ions like Na+ and K+ may cause soil physical dispersion, increasing its susceptibility to erosive processes.