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Item Geopoesia Kalunga: identidades territoriais da comunidade Quilombola do Mimoso - Tocantins(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-09-30) Alves, Elizeth da Costa; Silva Junior, Augusto Rodrigues da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6208952301327343; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4584041690613816; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Medeiros, Ana Clara Magalhães de; Funes, Eurípedes Antônio; Lira, Elizeu RibeiroEven with the transformations that occurred in the rural space due to modernization, the religious traditions manifested in the festivities and revelries, narratives and stories, godparents relations and webs of social relations, are still preserved by the residents and visitors of Mimoso. This community is located between the municipalities of Arraias and Paranã, in the southeast of the Tocantins state and is part of the quilombos remnants in the north of the Goiás state. They remain and constitute fundamental elements for the history and identity of the community. Identity is a concept that has been addressed by studies in literature and geography, mainly in research whose theoretical and methodological framework starts from cultural paradigms. Thus, for the consolidation of the thesis, we aim to understand how the construction of Kalunga territorial identities takes place in the Quilombola rural community Kalunga do Mimoso, through oral narratives and their narrators of geopoetry. By extension, religious festivals, such as the Folia de Santos Reis and the Folia de Santo Antônio, from 2017 to 2018, became the epicenter of the collection and respective analysis. Reaffirming the importance of oral narratives in the history of humanity is the goal around which our specific objectives are shaped. One of them is to analyze how cultural geography and geopoetry contribute to give recognition to quilombola peoples, how they organize themselves and have constituted their territory. Another one is to map the process of historical and territorial formation of the community and understand its social and cultural relations with the Kalunga community in Goiás. We also discuss the dynamics, structural and symbolic aspects of the Santos Reis and Santo Antônio revelries, regarding the occasion, ritual, memory, performance, and how they influence the construction of vocalities and corporealities. And finally, we analyze the stories and procedures of the narrators in relation to the occasions and the narrative construction. We seek to understand the process of forming identities related to the territory where Kalunga subjects live, in dialogue with the theoretical assumptions of cultural geography and geopoetry. We also adopted some problematic questions for the development of the thesis. These are related to the process of territorial formation of the community and its social and symbolic practices, to the contribution of narratives and parties to the construction of territory and identities in Mimoso, and to the implications that the geographical, political and economic frontier causes among the Kalunga of Tocantins and Goiás. In general, we discussed the choice of the theme and its implications. We present the guiding concepts, the theoretical assumptions, the epistemological paths of cultural geography and popular literature (geopoetry) and the methodological contributions that guide the discussion. We historicize the condition of the black people, the formation of quilombola communities in Brazil and Tocantins and the trajectory of their rights. We bring the historical scenario of this state and its communities. We present IBGE data and historically contextualize the division of the Goiás state, the creation of Tocantins and the separation of a large quilombola community. We also show information about the population, the territorial area, the cultural, economic and geographical activities of this state and the municipality of Arraias and their echoes in the vocation of the narrators of geopoetry. The use of qualitative methodologies such as: oral history, critical analysis of bibliography, participant observation, interviews, discourse analysis, among others, enabled consistent analyzes and reflections on the theme. Throughout the thesis, we present answers to the questions presented initially. We note the importance of the feeling of belonging and social practices for the promotion of Kalunga territorial identities. These are based on the collective participation of the subjects in the process of producing the territory, which transcend the political and administrative perspective, and value the appropriation of space for the reproduction of life, work and the Kalunga culture.Item A festa caçada da rainha no estado de Goiás: um diálogo entre lugar e identidade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-24) Bretas, Isabella de Faria; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Lira, Eliseu Ribeiro; Chaveiro, Eguimar FelícioThe Hunt of the Queen is a festival that takes place in a more traditional way, in the cities of Colinas do Sul, Cavalcante and Monte Alegre de Goiás, all in the state of Goiás and refers to the time of the Brazilian Empire. Participants dress in accordance with their duties, the main are: king, queen, emperor and royal guard. In this research argues that the party, through ties of residents and their symbols, signs and representations that come to demarcate a unique culture of the festival in the state, featuring the presence of the place and so needs to be needs to be identified and spatialized. Through Humanistic Geography, cultural events gain strength characterizes by the new approach to the subject and festive customs, discussing the different, the circumstances and modes of representation. Its importance is focused on the analysis of the meaning and the goal is to understand a traditional festival that perspective. It is also investigating how this acts in the transformation of the space in place and creating instead of identities and participants subject. For the achievement of such goals the methodology focused on the theoretical basis, through the literature review in books, journals, magazines and others; in that enabled the identification of symbols field research, feelings, emotions and sensations of the subjects, with achievement of participatory research, semi-structured interviews, techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisal and Oral History. The cataloging and interpretation of interviews and materials collected in the field were supported by Content Analysis. In this sense was reflected also on the human dimension and its connection with the environment, essential to identify the Hunt of the Queen as a fact on interaction between subject and space set to place. Defended the possibility of the party set up new identities both the space and the subjects, which were analyzed, also through the landscape of observation, full of symbols and signs values. The symbolic character, the existence of feelings of belonging, of familiarity, security affection, featuring space as place, in a relational perspective between the concepts of place and identity. For the conclusion of research considered to analyze the party Hunt of Queen in the three municipalities with its own specificities and characteristics.Item Itinerários de uma identidade territorial na invenção do ser tocantinense(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-11-07) Brito, Eliseu Pereira de; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Lira, Elizeu Ribeiro; Goettert, Jones Dari; Silva, Ana Cristina da; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro AntunesThis thesis has as its central theme the identity forged in the territorial relations, discussed under the bias of Human Geography. Territory and identity were analyzed in order to seek answers to the central research problem on the existence of a “territorial tocantinense identity”. This study aimed to analyze the constitution of territorial identity in the interface with territory formation as identification and differentiation of/in the spaces by multiple tocantinenses subjects. The approach proposed in the thesis is a qualitative study, using primary and secondary sources, interviews, historical documents and census information. We used techniques from Diagnóstico Rural Participativo – DRP for data collection through interviews and description of Tocantins’ landscapes in fieldwork. Such data were read by means of discourse analysis based on Nogueira (2001), and the territory was interpreted with basis on geosymbolism proposed by Bonnemaison (1987). It was considered that the first rupture of the territory of Goiás was in 1736, and it was the main framework of the territorial differentiation process. Ruptures in 1809 and 1821 were the result of a non-unified goiana identity. The subjects of the north of Goiás started to be called the nortenses by those from the south, who, in turn, were called the goianos. The territorial singularities created in the midst of a different world in the north of Goiás intensified over the XIX and XX centuries, and in 1956, under the Feliciano Braga command in Porto Nacional, the nortenses became the tocantinenses, which resulted in the creation of the state of Tocantins, in 1988. The mobility through the territory, the paths, places of work and leisure had their importance identified within in the formation of Tocantins’ territorial identity. Therefore, the Tocantins territorial identity is multiple and open to new territorial content, which forms a diachrony in the process. But also, there is a temporal duration of the identity process, which we identified as a persistenceItem O Programa Bolsa Verde e os seus significados para os assentados e as assentadas de reforma agrária em área de proteção ambiental no nordeste goiano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-31) Castro, Alice da Silva; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Mendonça, Marcelo Rodrigues; Mesquita, Lívia Aparecida Pires deThis dissertation analyzes the efficiency and effectiveness of the Bolsa Verde Environmental Conservation Support Program in the lives of Agrarian Reform settlers at the P.A Cynthia Peter in the municipality of Mambaí-GO and P.A Nova Grécia in the municipality of Posse-GO. These municipalities, together with Buritinópolis and Damianópolis, comprise the Environmental Protection Area of the Rio Vermelho Springs. The Bolsa Verde Program is structured as the result of a public social and environmental policy for traditional communities and agrarian reform settlements in Brazil. The program has sought to help combat extreme poverty and encourage Environmental Conservation. In the state of Goiás, the Bolsa Verde Program had an impact on the lives of 390 families in total and on 23 families on the APA of Nascentes do Rio Vermelho, specifically. To analyze the quarterly benefit of 300 Brazilian real in the lives of these families, I have carried out fieldwork to identify the reality of these settlers, as well as to understand the meanings of the Bolsa Verde Program for their lives. This dissertation relies on theoretical support from environmental public policies, environmental issues, territorial identity, territory and Payments for Environmental Services to understand the Bolsa Verde Program and the meanings in the lives of settlers and agrarian reform settlers in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability. During fieldwork carried out in 2018, the Bolsa Verde Program, constituted as a government policy, was interrupted. Given this situation, it was clear that the meaning of the program for beneficiary families was of essential importance for their socioeconomic reproduction and permanence in the settlements. The significance of the Bolsa Verde Program for the settlers represented yet another element in the constitution of territorial identity. For the political sphere, the end of the Bolsa Verde Program represents an interruption in the progress of environmental and social policies. An effective program for beneficiaries, through the fulfillment of the objectives and inefficient for the scenario of social and environmental public policies in Brazil, as it does not consolidate as a state policy.Item Imaginário e Paisagem na Memória de Seringueiros do estado do Acre(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-02-22) Freire, Janaína Mourão; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Calaça, Manoel; Morais, Maria de Jesus; Silva, Valéria Cristina Pereira daThis dissertation aimed to discuss how to constitute the Imaginary and Landscape on Memory of rubber tappers of Acre - The Guardians of Remembrance. To this end, we reflect about memory so as to understand how man perceives and reveals it, and to deepen interdisciplinarity between Cultural Geography (Landscape and Place), Anthropology (Imaginary) and History and Psychology (Memory). We used qualitative methods from the phenomenological method in 12 (twenty) regional tappers of the Low and High Acre and Juruá. In the first step we travel there to get as much information as posible about the Acre and tappers. In the second stage we went to the field activity itself, with a script based on the following: Narratives Interviews, Interviews Semistructured, data collection with GPS, collection images, field diary and Visiting groves near urban centers. The third stage consisted on the Cataloging and Interpretation of Statements by Content Analysis. We conclude that the rubber tappers store in memory an Amazon rainforest surrounded by paradoxes and temporalities, with contradictory and complementary landscapes .Item Memórias e identidade no/do lugar: o rádio na comunidade Patos-Temeroso no município de Gurinhatã-MG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-13) Freitas, Jéssica Soares de; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Santos, Rosselvelt José; Pessoa, Eguimar Felício ChaveiroTaking into consideration the dynamics of our actual urbane society, we can infer that one of its main traces is the acceleration of communication and information speeds. However, this was revealed in a processual and different way at various parts of Earth. The dissertation had as research subject the comprehension about the insertion of radio, one of the main technologies of massive communication and information, at a rural community that differs historically and spacially of the lived actual dynamics. The locus is the rural community of Patos Temeroso, localized at Gurinhatã’s municipality at Minas Gerais. This community is placed amongst the mountains of Pontal, which difficults the access to inhabitants and visitants. In this way, the community, mainly because of being located at the rural space, has distinct dynamics than those lived by the urban high tech society. In order to the study be concretized, first, data research was made in institutional sites IBGE CIDADES and Prefeitura Municipal de Gurinhatã. Empirical research was unfollowed by six fieldworks (2015 and 2016) for the acquirement of primary data. The main proceeding was dialogues realized with the subjects that inhabit Temeroso’s community and those that went out of the place for diverse motives; the interview were without direction and with subjects which a snowball methodology. The recordings of the dialogues generated the transcriptions of around 30 hours of audio. Concomitantly with the empirical research, the theoretical foundation incurred by the means of reading and interpretation of books, scientific journals, dissertations and thesis available at physical libraries, Portal Periódicos Capes, SciHub and Google Scholar. The theoretical and empirical research occurred simultaneously, each feeding each other. It is comprehended that the insertion of radio at the community, as also of other technologies, influenced and intensified the sociocultural changes at the community. Otherwise, the subjects conform strategies that, at reality, allowed them to stay reproducing their logics, even though it was deeply altered. So, the subjects, even if they are in other place, if they don’t identify with it, will reaffirm that are from other place, in this case the Temeroso’s community. In order to do so, they create and unfollow elements that strengthen the power of memory, such as the anchor of place, and they transport them to the places they feel belonging. In this sense, the radio, as much as other communicational technologies, especially the internet, helps the continuity of those identitary strategies.Item Realidade imaginária da paisagem: para além de uma representação do concreto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-11-11) Freitas, Jéssica Soares de; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Castilho, Dênis; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; Campos, Lais Rodrigues; Brito, Eliseu Pereira de; Silva, Luciana Helena Alves daAs a concept of geographical analysis, the landscape is very well grounded in several studies both within the perspective of cultural geography and in other aspects. However, in general, most studies, both in Brazil and internationally, focus on either their history, or on the application according to the chosen line of thought. Understanding the landscape as being pure and in its philosophical roots proves to be a challenge, but an insight that art can corroborate in its understanding. Starting the journey through the supposedly non-existent landscape of Cubism, passing through surrealism, and entering the (non)realities of non-sense, from fantasies to the landscapes that connect us, but dare not to see, this study tries to understand the landscape as a landscape itself and it facets in contemporary society. Thus, divided into 5 chapters each with 3 subchapters, the thesis reveals the landscape involved beyond the human senses, but in an always internal-external construction, or even the other way around, promoted by the relationship of time and space. In this relationship, it is understood that it is necessary to go beyond representation, to understand the actions arranged in the landscape, in the experiences. In the landscape, imaginary and reality is not opposed, unlike the dream and concrete, which are the duality that can be lived in the landscape, even in an incomplete way, to understand that the landscape overcomes the barriers of human ideas, to experiencing the purest longings of humanity. Thus, while memory is more related to reality than the imaginary, the activity of this is alive mainly when it is arranged through art. In this sense, the landscape is an essential category for understanding the environment and, especially of the tensions experienced, either in a material aspect or in imaginary-mental composition.Item Discursos e representações sobre identidades territoriais nas políticas de turismo em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-29) Gonçalves, Leonardo Ravaglia Ferreira; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Castilho, Denis; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Ferreira, Lara Cristine Gomes; Araújo Sobrinho, Fernando Luiz; Carvalho, Gisélia LimaThe concept of territory comprehends a multiplicity of ideas that can not be considered homogeneous, evidencing the clashes and tensions that permeate social relations as a whole. If the territory is the space of mediation of the power relations, the territorial identity situates as a discursive practice of these social agents and the way in which this practice legitimize historically. The territorial identities are built along the domain and space appropriation relations, on the special power mediations, and can be produced ideologically, with internal and external influences, through speeches of social agents with higher influence power. Therefore, it is possible for the territorial identities to be more related to the designated space than the one effectively lived, not being forged equally by the several social groups. The state, political arena par excellence in which the relations of power are realized, seeks to acquire legitimacy in its existence through the repetition of discourses, manipulation of imaginaries and, consequently, of an identity. The public tourism policies are inserted in this discussion to the extent in which they are being used to shape the image of a region, highlight characteristics of the territory, reproduce hegemonic discourses and, thus, alter the perception of territorial identity. The state of Goiás has a tourism policy aligned with the rules of the Ministry of Tourism, managed by institutions that have their own interests, and explicit a way of interpreting the phenomenon of tourism, ideologically influenced. Thus, the general objective of this thesis is to analyze how the public policies of tourism in Goiás influenced, and influence, the consolidation of a territorial identity of Goiás. In order to achieve this goal, we perform theoretical research through a bibliographical survey, using notably the cultural geography approach, starting from the theoretical discussion of territory and entering other concepts in the legitimation of discourses and the construction of representations. Secondly, we study the process of identity formation of the state of Goiás through the historical analysis of the construction of symbolic-identity processes in the state. We then go into the history of public tourism policies in Goiás and Brazil, analyzing official documents, pertinent legislation and other authors that have similar studies. With this information, we went to the analysis of the materials of tourist disclosure of the state and, lastly, the interviews conducted with tourism managers in Goiás. Three groups were interviewed: the tourism managers from the municipalities, from Goiás Turismo and from Support to Micro and Small Businesses (SEBRAE), which has great influence in the formulation of tourism policies in the state. Among the results of the research, we conclude that public tourism policies interfere with and influence the identity conception of Goiás, shaped accordingly to the noticed by the potential client, independently if it corresponds to the lived.Item A mulher no campo e a aposentadoria rural: um encontro com as trabalhadoras rurais de Novo Brasil - GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-08) Jesus, Priscila Barbosa de; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Moreira, Jorgeanny de Fátima Rodrigues; Rigonato, Valney DiasEl presente trabajo aborda la jubilación rural de las trabajadoras rurales de Novo Brasil-GO. Teniendo en cuenta las cuestiones de género y el trabajo invisible presente en el campo, se pretende comprender la relevancia del retiro rural para mejorar la calidad de vida de los jubilados rurales. La metodología es de carácter cualitativo y pasa por etapas que involucran investigación teórica, recolección de datos secundarios, aplicación de entrevistas narrativas, trabajo de campo y observación sistemática. Se utilizó el dibujo como técnica metodológica para ilustrar las observaciones y situaciones presentadas por los protagonistas de la investigación. Es importante resaltar la importancia del enfoque de género como categoría de análisis del Espacio Geográfico. Como parte de los resultados se destaca que el trabajo invisible no solo impacta en el momento de reclamar la jubilación sino también en la construcción de la identidad de la mujer rural como trabajadora. La jubilación rural contribuye positivamente no solo a la calidad de vida de las mujeres, sino también a la economía del municipio. Sin embargo, el reconocimiento y valoración del trabajo de las mujeres es sumamente importante.Item Pichadores de rua, territorialidades urbanas em conflito: territórios (in)visíveis de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005-06-10) Masson, José Renato; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Ribeiro, Miguel Ângelo; Cavalcanti, Lana de SouzaThe street pitchers, look for the introduction, especially in big and medium sized cities, of their pieces of graffiti, willing to demarcate territories, attack the urban scene and provoke the rival groups.The pitch can not be undestood as na act of vandalism: they mean to be present on the city’s routine, “re”presenting and signifying again the scenery. The Movement cropped up in Bronx’s urban ghettos, USA, spreaded out around the world, and in Goiânia, there are many “goups”, that can be categorized in 2 types. In the first one, members of groups of rooters, compete with each other around the metropolis signing the acronyms TEV (Torcida Esquadrão Vilanovense) and FJG (Força Jovem de Goiás). And the neighbourhood groups, like the MGC (Moleques Grafiteiros do Criméia), BF (Bairro Feliz), UPS (União dos Pichadores Skatistas), etc. This groups search for the demarcation and the consolidation of the territory facing off the opponent, exerting territoriality, over na especific area. At the same time, they constitute a self identify, with the intention to put down and to oppose to the conventional urban patterns. Geography must not abstein it self from the comprehension of this phenomenon, once this understanding straightly involves the categories of geographical analysis, such as territory, territoriality, identity and urban.Item Saberes e fazeres de mulheres assentadas: relações de gênero e os processos de empoderamento no território do Vão do Paranã (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-04-02) Mesquita, Lívia Aparecida Pires de; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Ribeiro, Dinalva Donizete; Rigonato, Valney DiasRural settlements, materially and symbolically appropriated by different subjects, become territories, marked by power relations and also by affective relationships and belonging. Settled women and men have in the territory of the settlement a necessary space for family production and reproduction. The relationship among land, labor and family is the basis for socioeconomic and cultural development in the lot. Women, men and children have their work and space set to maintain the well-being of the family. However, this sexual division of labor and spaces neglects the reproductive and productive work of settled women and keeps them in the private sphere, reinforcing unequal power and gender relations between the sexes, as well as influencing on the constitution of their identities and territorialities. In this perspective, the present research aims to analyze the experiences, knowledges and actions of women in the rural settlements of the Vão do Paranã, highlighting the gender relations and the processes of female empowerment. Guided by the cultural geography approach, we opted for a qualitative methodology with theoretical and field research. The data of the field research were obtained through the tools of Participatory Rural Diagnosis (DRP), as a semi-structured interview with the settlers (over 20 years old), observation; mental maps and agricultural calendar. The research was developed in settlements Agrovila, Cynthia Peter, Mambaí, Capim de Cheiro and Paraná in the municipality of Mambaí (GO), and the settlement Nova Grécia in the city of Posse (GO). The thesis defended in this research is that the appreciation and recognition of women's work developed in the private / reproductive and public / productive spaces contributes to their empowerment. Through the readings, analyzes and experiences in the rural settlements of the Vão do Paranã, we conclude that besides the valorization of the work of the settlers there are other factors that favored / favor the changes in the power relations, they are: a) the constitution of the identity of rural women as workers, farmers and settlers; b) the acquisition of own income, by means of the commercialization of its production of the yard and of the garden; c) the insertion of the settlers in the public sphere, when participating in the fairs; d) knowledge of social and political rights and training in courses and workshops; e) participation in political spaces, such as associations, councils and syndicate. However, the empowerment process does not happen in the same way for all women, and although we have identified empowered settlers, with autonomy, self-esteem, and greater power of decision in the family, actions that contribute to the transformation of unequal gender relations established in settled families and society are necessary.Item Paisagens culturais do povo Kalunga do engenho II em Cavalcante, Goiás: cotidiano e festas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-01-29) Moreira, Jorgeanny de Fátima Rodrigues; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Maia, Carlos Eduardo Santos; Lôbo, Tereza Caroline; Silva, Valéria Cristina Pereira daEste estudio se refiere a la identificación y análisis de los paisajes culturales de la comunidad Kalunga en Engenho II, Cavalcante, Goiás, reconocido por el Ministerio del Cultura como un restante de quilombolas. Este lugar se encuentra a unos 600 kilometros del Goiania y 400 km del Brasilia. Buscamos entender los paisajes culturales del lugar Kalunga durante las manifestaciones festivas embasadas en la fe y la religiosidad, y guiados en su trabajo cotidiano y por las relaciones que se establecen con el espacio a través de las experiencias. Contamos con algunas preguntas de investigación que guiaron este estudio. Estos problemas se basean en los paisajes y las celebraciones cotidianas y contribuyen para la construcción del lugar Kalunga. Para responder a las principales cuestiones planteadas, se utilizó la metodología que se basa en la revisión de la literatura con énfasis en las categorías básicas de este estudio - paisaje y del lugar. Para ello, nos basamos en Geografía Humanista y la Cultura, una vez que entendemos el paisaje como producto y productora de la cultura e identifica el lugar. El lugar, por otra parte, hace referencia a la instancia requerida por las experiencias, las experiencias, está dotado de valor y significado para el hombre que lo habita. Para relacionar la referencia teórica y empírica, las metodologías participativas fueron desarrolladas en la comunidad de Engenho II, a saber: la Observación Participante, Mapa Hablado y las Caminas Transversas. Estos instrumentos metodológicos nos han permitido comprender la relación del hombre con el lugar Kalunga en su vida cotidiana y lo rompimiento con esto, para que aparezca el tiempo festivo. Los festivales fueron seleccionados para el estudio: Folia de Reis Santos, Folia de Santo Antonio y Nuestra Señora de las Nieves. Como parte de los resultados reconocemos que los Kalunga viven sus vidas diarias y la fiesta como dos momentos diferentes a través de las experiencias y prácticas sociales y culturales basadas en el conocimiento popular transmitida a través de la oralidad. Por lo tanto, marrón en su camino de fe marcas y el trabajo, formas, transforma el paisaje del lugar atribuyendo valor, sentido y significado.Item “Senhor dono da casa, se não for muito custoso, vem abrir a vossa porta que nós viemos de pouso”: as territorialidades produzidas pelos Grupos das Folias de Reis em Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-07-01) Mota, Rosiane Dias; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Tuma Filho, Fadel David Antônio; Maia, Carlos Eduardo SantosThis current research examines the territorialities which emerge from the relations established in the presentations and meetings of the ‘Giros of Folias de Reis’ in Goiânia. This binomial cultural-religious manifestation consists of an after Christmas seasonal Catholic popular festivity, which is permeated with Christian rites, beliefs and memories. ‘Giros of Folias’ are, therefore, collective walks practiced by specific fancily-dressed festive groups. Symbolically, ‘giros’ means the Christ walks, and ‘Folias’ represents the ‘Three Kings celebration’. The research has its conceptual and theoretical approaches within the Cultural Geography realm. It seeks to have readings on the meanings of these expressions of popular culture. The ‘Folias de Reis’ produce "inscriptions" in space and time (territory, territoriality, identity), which become part of symbolic landscapes. The territorial relations and symbolic landscapes produced by the ‘Folias de Reis’, even within different realities and contexts, do not have their essence, such as devotion and tradition, changed. These festive groups adapt themselves, or have physical and structural modifications, depending on the situation in which they become part of, but their devotion gets strengthened every time they practice the ‘Giros’. The theoretical and methodological aspects used in the research are based, but not limited to, on the contributions of Adams (2005, 2006, 2010) who debates the territorial relations within the Cultural Geography domain; on the work of Geertz (2001), who addresses conceptual approaches related to ‘culture’; on the insights of Hobsbawm (1997) who provides a reflection on two types of tradition: real and invented one; and, on the work of Cosgrove (2004), who discusses the symbolic landscapes and its reading. For this investigation, the used methodological procedures and tools were: literature review, documented material, fieldwork, maps production, and data analysis. The findings reveal that the “Folia de Reis” entails a festivity replete with social relations which, per se, put in evidence – during the “Giros” - , a symbolic universe composed of rural elements, but, in this particular case, celebrated in an urban environment. The territorialities and cultural landscapes are then produced during the festival with the songs and the hospitality of the festive groups, and it is an event which takes place cyclically according to a Christmas event calendar of Goiania.Item O protestantismo nas territorialidades e na identidade territorial da comunidade Quilombola Kalunga – Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-05-05) Mota, Rosiane Dias; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; D'Abadia, Maria Idelma Vieira; Rosendahl, Zeny; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Maia, Carlos Eduardo SantosThe Kalunga Quilombo Community, located in the Historic and Heritage Site of the Kalunga SHPC, in the north and northeast regions of the state of Goias, Brazil, consists of a rural community. This is a community facing an undeveloped condition living on the margins of society which has its history and identity mostly described and reported by government agencies and by other institutions in general. Kalunga people usually used to have their way of life and territorial identity built from within based on a collective self-view and perceptions, permeated by different cultural practices associated with popular Catholicism. However, in recent decades this community has faced an evangelization process led by Protestant agents. Their actions initially sporadic became increasingly recurrent resulting in the opening of Protestant Churches within the limits of the Kalunga territory. By taking into account these factors and context, the main approach of this thesis is a critical reading of an expanding Protestantism over a traditional community; an analysis to be done within the perspective of the Geography. Issues addressed by this study are related to religious discourses, identity conflicts, the reinterpretation of cultural practices, among other things that involve the local culture and territorial identity of the Kalunga. It has as a general objective to analyze the influence of the Protestantism on the Kalunga Community with special attention given to the production of the sacredness of the Protestant space, as well as the reframing and the new meanings of the territorial identity and practices of converted Kalunga, and the cultural landscape as perceived by the Quilombo dwellers. The proposal is to investigate the new set territorial relations by under-positioned Kalunga after the incursions of the Protestant Church and the religious speeches made by the preachers, and the way the Quilombo discourse reframes the community territorial identities. As part of the study, it was chosen ‘space’, ‘territory’ and ‘landscape’ as categories. The methodology was split into method and methodological tools. The chosen method permeated the cultural geography in densifying spiritualist approach as presented by Andreotti (2002; 2003). Literature review and field research were the methodological tools. For assessing the data, it was used discourse analysis based on Orlandi (2005), Foucault (1986, 1996 and 1999), Fernandes (2005), and Possenti (2002). And as part of the procedures, it was offered insights on the relation between religion and the geographical categories: living space, territory, territoriality, territorial identities, and cultural landscape. A historical analysis on the spread of Christianity, including in Brazil, as well how this religion reached the traditional communities. A reading ofthe Kalunga way of life and on how the religious discourse propitiated a reinterpretation of its territorial practices and identities, as well as of its cultural landscapes is part of this investigation. This study was the identification ofnew forms of territorial relations established in the Kalunga site with the introduction and spread of Protestantism. The converted Kalunga feel themselves much closer to outsiders due to common religious bonds, to social benefits, and to spiritual aspects and experiences, and yet, conversely, in reason of conflicting ideas evolved from religious discourses, the converted Kalunga experienced blinking periods of strong and weak bonds with non-converted Kalunga. Yet, it was found that the Quilombo community converted to Protestantism has reframed the structures of its beliefs according to new dogmas and religious creeds as discursively conformed.Item A romaria de Santa Luzia: contribuições da fé para a construção de uma identidade territorial na comunidade de Santa Luzia – município de Porangatu/GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-11-17) Moura, Marcos Roberto Pereira; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Araújo Sobrinho, Fernando Luiz; D’Abadia, Maria Idelma Vieira; Chaveiro, Eguimar FelícioThe pilgrimage of Santa Lucia is a Catholic manifestation held in the city of Porangatu since 2002. The community of Santa Luzia, responsible for organizing the party in honor of its patron saint, is one of the rural communities belonging to religious territory of the local Catholic Church. This study aims to understand how the pilgrimage of Santa Luzia, in their rituals and symbolism, contribute with formation of a territorial identity in the community that materializes. Religious territories of the Catholic Church are territorial delineations in which the clergy manages the religious services of the Catholic faith and to promote a religious identity in that territory. In terms of methodological procedures initially was devoted to literature review, to be used for journal articles, beyond texts published in conference proceedings, books, and Graduation texts. The documentary research also showed the deep need in the logical ordering of elements and facts. The field work was carried out through an ethnogeography associated with participatory research, with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, also relying on oral history. Even though, the pilgrimage of Santa Luzia it was designed by an outsider to the community, has always been held by farmers in the community. As an invented tradition, this festival is already considered a heritage of the local community, responsible for generating feelings of belonging both for the party, as the territory of the community, where celebrate the celebration. It was possible to apprehend that the symbolic disputes for festive territory of the pilgrimage, the community of Santa Luzia seeks to impose their sense of party, trying to protect it from unholy practices, such as dances and drunkenness. It also highlights the fact that territorial identities in the community, built on a symbolic territory that sums up the collective memory of the group, are in Catholic territories its conformation. It became clear that the devoted prayers to the saints of each community family are important forms of sociability in the community and contribute to the formation of territorial identity in the locality. The celebration of Santa Lucia is responsible for articulating a set of symbolic elements that participated in the community's social construction. To be held every year, the religious celebration revives the past of the community and connects it to the present, in addition to making the best known community. Thus, three elements have been identified to contribute significantly to territorial identity in the community of Santa Luzia: institutionalized Catholic territories, prayers and pilgrimage.Item Presentes e ausentes: Os Sertões euclidiano no imaginário e na política de desenvolvimento do Brasil semiárido (2003 – 2014)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-04) Pinheiro, Robinson Santos; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783834D9; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Silva, Ana Cristina da; Ferraz, Cláudio Benito Oliveira; Santos, Rossevelt JoséThe literary work Os Sertões (1902), by Euclides da Cunha, is considered a founder of Brazilian nationality. In it, more than narrate and denounce the Canudos War (1896 – 1897), Euclides da Cunha designed a future for Brazil. In his imagination, the future would be in the national integration through the values and pratices of Western modern society. The Euclidean discourse in a systematically way from 1930 to the early twenty-first century becomes the major project for Brazilian State. Integrat the territory from Western modern precepts, is hegemonized as possibility for a “great Brazil”, promoting economic growth and social development, while the second is limited to the first. The thesis aimed to understand the contemporaneity of the Euclidean projetct. For this, we sought to interpret the state of the imaginary form the National Policy for Regional – PNDR – established in 2003. As analysis space, it was interpreted the socio-spatial transformations in the semiarid region during 13 year of operation of the PNDR. Looking closer to “Os Sertões” and the limited space for the study, there was the field and the analysis of Bahia’s micro-region of de Euclides da Cunha, involving nine municipalities. Five municipalities (Euclides da Cunha – old Cumbe -, Monte Santo, Tucano, Uauá, Canudos – old Belo Monte) are mentioned by Euclides da Cunha. Thus, the choice of semi-arid and the micro-region of Euclides da Cunha comes from the fact that these correspond physically and socially whith the space that through PNDR enabled us to verify that the Euclidean project remains in its respective specificity, in the base of the State’s action; thus concludes with the interpretation of modernizing integration imaginary, that this is a process that is not ending. The spatial imagery analysis of Os Sertões and PNDR allowed to understand that in the meeting points of yesterday with “today”, the history of state intervention trought the modernizing integration served as instrument of a cicle for social strutctures (political and economic) conservative. The state does not promote significant improvements to building a more just Brazil. The modernization in the way reproduced in historiy, is a scam legitimized by the sate. And that’s the point of orientation of the analysis / interpretation / reading Os Sertões to contemporary: overcoming the institutionalized deception involving imaginary of Brazilian spaces.Item A Igreja Assembleia de Deus e as práticas de lazer: territorialidades nas comunidades do município de Bragança (PA)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-06-18) Roscoche, Luiz Fernando; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; D’Abadia, Maria Idelma Vieria; Tavares, Maria Goretti da Costa; Castilho, Denis; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues deThis work aims to verify how the conversion to the Assembly of God Church has changed the leisure territorialities of the faithful in the communities of the city of Bragança, located in the northeastern region of the state of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. This research starts from a perspective based on human geography, an approach to cultural geography. Considering religion and leisure from the theory of liquidity modernity sought to understand the material and immaterial territoriality of the subjects. The approach proposed in the thesis is a qualitative research, using primary and secondary sources, historical documents and in particular questionnaires, interviews and field observations. In order to better understand the problem, exploratory field research was carried out by observing and conducting conversations and interviews in communities in the municipality, where faithful and members of the church were researched. The research was divided in two moments, the first of characterization of the profile of the faithful and their religious and leisure territorialities, electing those who opted voluntarily for participating in the research. In the second stage, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with some faithful volunteers, either in individual interview or in focus groups. The interviews, testimonies and transcription of cults and events were analyzed through content analysis and discourse. For the purposes of this research, the subjects were divided into central subjects, that is, converts to the Assembly of God Church, as well as members of the church as pastors, presbyters, workers) and the contextual subjects who, although born in the evangelical faith, help to contextualize the converted evangelical. It is possible to verify that religious change creates new religious and leisure territoriality, even though they resist elements that are re-signified in this process.Item Identidades territoriais nas comunidades afrodescendentes urbanas: do cerrado de Goiás aos igarapés do Amapá(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-27) Santos, Fátima Sueli Oliveira dos; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Deus, João Batista de; Menezes, Sônia de Souza MendonçaTraditional quilombola communities are not always recognized in urban territories, because the perception that citizens of the city have about quilombola territory, permeates a different location in relation to smell, structure and relational environment. In view of this conception, it was sought, through a study of quilombola urban territorial identities, to identify how these communities traditionally preserved their territorial identities, how they built their identities and at what time they resignified themselves. In order to obtain this understanding, we used the approach of cultural geography, historical geography, anthropology, sociology so that this knowledge would be expanded and not limited to geography, the human sciences have an interconnectedness of thought. In addition to these sciences, the scientific methods covered were phenomenology and dialectic, in order to understand the way of life of quilombola communities, their production in the territory, their cultural manifestations, even though they are in urban centers. As a methodological instrument, techniques used by the Participatory Rural Diagnosis were adapted, from which quantitative and qualitative participant observation research was used, with interviews and questionnaires, venn diagram, metal map, use of google maps, dronne, camera, meetings with the community and government agencies to present the final result of the study. Therefore, at the end of a research of this nature, it is necessary to perceive the identity multi-territoriality of traditional urban quilombola communities, since, by "bringing in from outside", there is an identity empowerment in which the identity phenomenon dialogues with the territory and articulates the multiple territorial identities in urban quilombos.Item A vida ribeirinha no lugar: da degradação do rio Cuiabá à introdução das peixarias em São Gonçalo Beira Rio e Bonsucesso - MT(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-04-15) Santos, Ingrid Regina da Silva; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Calaça, Manoel; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Bordest, Suíse Monteiro Leon; Moretti, Edvaldo CesarThis thesis aims to investigate the riverside place under the context of homespun beaneries, a type of establishment that can be defined as a restaurant specializing in regional dishes of freshwater fish. It is the problem raised in the sense of the need for economic and social emancipation of these men and women and which has led to a gradual transition of way of life? Therefore, two locations were selected. They are on the banks of the Cuiabá River, one on the site of the capital of Mato Grosso, and another in the municipality of Várzea Grande. The following research has prioritized Bonsucesso because we have noticed that it was the first to offer the service, and São Gonçalo Beira Rio, due to the large number of establishments nowadays. The theoretical contribution is based on the perspective of Humanist Cultural Geography. The methodological procedures used were: Ethnogeography and Social Cartography, because they converge to a more in-depth understanding of the dynamics that occurred in this space. Through the proposed research, we identified that the main impetus for the new practice of riparians was the difficulties caused due to the scarcity of fishing with the degradation of the Cuiabá river, this still in the decade of 1980. As an outcome from the success of the establishments, there has been an appreciation of this type of food as a symbol of the group's culture and identity. The new understanding given to the eating habits of the riverside inhabitants made these localities to be inserted in the leisure routes of the population of the Baixada Cuiabana. The success of the pioneer establishments in both communities sharpened the interest of other fishermen, potters and farmers, and compelled them to open new establishments, thus increasing the number of local beaneries in a short period. The insertion of this new activity made the socio-spatial organization of the riparian strongholds re-elaborated, which had repercussions on the way of life of these people. As an example of the alteration it is possible to highlight the refunctionalization of the river banks, residences, among other cultural aspects. Although there has been a re-signification of space and some cultural practices, there are at present particularities in relation to these men and women who stand out in order to preserve a riverside identity, the sense of place and the deviant condition, including their history, people, jaggery production and ceramics.Item A produção dos espaços e do território: turismo e empreendedorismo na APA das nascentes do Rio Vermelho - Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-04-23) Silva Júnior, Josias José da; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4465452999284335; Almeida, Maria Geralda de; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Dias, Marco Antonio HarmsThis study intends to comprehend spatial production and tourism reality by understanding entrepreneurship at natural and cultural environments existent and available for the construction of Nascentes do Rio Vermelho’s APA (APANRV) touristic territory. Methodologically, this analysis was centered upon a direct and participative approach to people, enterprises and representative institutions inside and outside the research spatial reach by means of a dialogic perspective. It intended to give voice to subjects and capture their environmental perceptions, it also searched for registries that could further knowledge on this theme’s state of the art. It is evidenced that areas of environmental protection of sustainable use, a modality of conservation unit, opens opportunities for services in environments essential for human activities without losing their prerogative function of nature conservation. Those areas are recognized as socially fair and economically viable touristic exploitable territories that can guarantee renewable resources and cultures. Thus, institutional normalization and rules conciliate man-nature interest relations in appropriation, spatial production, territorial construction and social organization closer to what the environment can effectively offer. APANRV touristic expression results from its karstic relief that has caves, underground watercourses and waterfalls, alongside cultures and traditions by means of what is made and created by entrepreneurs. It is recognized that tourism appears as an alternative contributive activity of social production in areas with socioeconomical problems, low economical dynamics, lack of substantial infrastructure investments and low populational density. This dissertation also demonstrates that entrepreneurship is a dynamic phenomenon capable of modifying local economic landscapes and is based on society’s individual or collective proactivity. The attractivities in use and those that can be produced by activity, abilities, acts and relations, opens up potential dimensions of this conservation unit for touristic and territorial development by its effects of propagation, income and employment generation.