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Item Uma abordagem sobre métodos analíticos para determinação da atividade antioxidante em produtos naturais(2011) Borges, Leonardo Luiz; Lúcio, Tathiana Carvalho; Gil, Eric de Souza; Barbosa, Eduardo FernandesAntioxidants have been placing a highlighted position in the pharmaceutical industry, becoming the systematic research of these compounds important, for their ability to neutralize harmful agents in biological systems such as free radicals. In this work were evaluated some methodologies to determine the antioxidant capacity of some complex systems, as plant extracts, food, wine, among others. The detection of antioxidants was based on three categories of methods: electrochemical, colorimetric (DPPH e ABTS), and biological. Besides these, other instrumental techniques were pointed out, showing the versatility of the mechanisms that can be use to unveil the concentration of these substances. The HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is a very useful tool in the identification and quantification of these compounds and can be coupled to the DPPH method. Each analytical method cited here has advantages and limitations, and the approach presented in this work ranges within these two parameters.Item Ação do óleo essencial de Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry sobre as hifas de alguns fungos fitopatogênicos(2011) Costa, A. R. T.; Amaral, M. F. Z. J.; Martins, P. M.; Paula, J. A. M.; Fiuza, Tatiana de Sousa; Tresvenzol, Leonice Manrique Faustino; Paula, José Realino de; Bara, Maria Teresa FreitasCurrently, the use of alternative methods to control diseases and pests in agriculture has been a recognized and necessary practice to minimize damages to the environment and public health. This study aimed to investigate the action of clove [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry] essential oil on the in vitro mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed the identification of eugenol (83.6%), eugenyl acetate (11.6%) and caryophyllene (4.2%). Microscopic evaluation of mycelia showed several morphological changes such as presence of vacuoles, cell content disorganization, decreased cell wall clearness, intense fragmentation and lower turgescence of hyphae. Clove essential oil showed fungicidal activity at 0.15% on the growth of R. solani, F. oxysporum and F. solani, but not for M. phaseolina. These results indicate favorable perspectives for future use of clove essential oil to control these phytopathogens in agriculture.Item Alterações teciduais agudas induzidas em ratos wistar por trypanosoma cruzi(Marize Campos Valadares, 2007-06) Oliveira, Kleber Mirallia de; Souza Júnior, Nozelmar Borges de; Mata, Fabiana Ribeiro da; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira; Aversi-Ferreira, Tales Alexandre; Mata, João Roberto daThe Chagas disease, described in 1909, has a behavior that partially depends on the Trypanosoma cruzi isolate. In this work, the parasitemy curve and the alterations in the tissues of the encephalus, heart, tongue, esophagus, lungs, stomach, small and large intestines, kidneys and bladder of Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from a patient carrying the cardiac and digestive form of the disease, were analyzed. Forty rats (ten groups of four animals each) were utilized. Two groups that were inoculated at 15 days and the other two at 60 days with 10 x 103 or 10 x 104 trypomastigotes/animal, were submitted to an evaluation of parasitemy at alternate days starting from the third day after inoculation. The organs listed were processed using the routine histological technique, and then microscope slides were confectioned and stained with hematoxillin and eosin. The animals inoculated at 60 days presented peaks of parasitemy ranging from 24,710 forms/mL of blood in inoculates of 10 x 103 forms/animal to 28,240 forms/mL in inoculates of 10 x 104 forms/animal. The animals inoculated at 15 days with 10 x 103 forms, presented a peak of 116,490 forms/mL, while the ones inoculated at 15 days with 10 x 104 forms had a peak of 229,450 forms/mL. The parasitemy peak occurred between the 21st and 23rd day after inoculation in the groups evaluated, whereas the animals inoculated at 15 days of age presented, for both inoculates, higher values of parasitemy than the animals inoculated at 60 days. The histological analysis demonstrated tropism in the heart, with tissue alterations such as: focal and diffuse inflammatory process, perivascular infiltrate and parasite nests both intact and breached. Such processes presented cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, polymorph nuclear cells, plasmocytes and fibroblasts. The remaining organs evaluated presented histological aspects similar to those of the control animals. There were greater alterations in the cardiac tissue of the younger animals (15 days), submitted to the greater inoculum.Item Análise da atividade antimicrobiana das folhas de Davilla elliptica St.-Hil. (Dilleniaceae)(2009) Soares, M. L.; Bustamante, K. G. L.; Echalar, Adda Daniela Lima Figueiredo; Pimenta, Fabiana Cristina; Fiuza, Tatiane de Sousa; Bara, Maria Teresa Freitas; Tresvenzol, Leonice Manrique Faustino; Paula, José Realino deItem Análise da glicemia em jejum em pacientes provenientes do município de Terezópolis (Goiás-Brasil) associada com hipertensão arterial, circunferência abdominal e uso de medicamentos(Marize Campos Valadares, 2007-06) Sousa, Rafael Lopes Pena de; Santos, Hebert Humberto Dutra dos; Campos, Claudio; Aversi-Ferreira, Tales AlexandreThe hypertension is one important complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2, and the micro vessel alterations a result that evidence the high glycemy of these patients. The DM II has taking epidemics proportions because the amplified aging of population associated to sedentary custom, and the cardiovascular complications one important risk factor, indeed is associated by specialized literature that hypertension and DM was associated. Is known that mortality of DM patients is larger than population in general, and this fact is consequence of cardiovascular diseases. With main of available retrospectively that glycemy alterations that use hypoglycemic medicines and/or hypotensor 65 persons, between 2005 december and 2006 april interview, residents on Terezópolis of Goiás city (Brazil) were distribute in 4 different groups (health, hypertensions, hyperglycemis and hypertensions and hyperglycemics), all submitted to clinics examination that are capillary glycemy fasting, arterial pressure evaluation and anthropometrics data colleted. The evaluation of the this study permit verified that that DM II patients diagnosed present high glycemy levels same with concomitant hypoglycemic medicines use, and that the patients with booth DM and hypertension have larger glycemy level, and that women with DM present larger IMC than men. These data are indicators of need of more care with patients with diseases derivate of metabolic syndrome, better medicines adequate to treatment controls and more care with fatty persons and olds, mainly with hypertension, and more attention to fatty women with hyperglycemia.Item Análise da publicidade de medicamentos veiculada em Goiás - Brasil(Marize Campos Valadares, 2005-12) Freitas, Johnathan Santana de; Zampiere, Ana Lúcia Teixeira de Carvalho; Aquino, Aline Teixeira de; Lobo, Lina Monteiro de Castro; Montes, Patrícia Regina; Soares, Arthur; Silva, Érica T. da; A. Neto, João da C.; Araújo, Mariana de Paiva; Tresvenzol, Leonice Manrique Faustino; Prudente, Luciana Resende; Lima, Dione MarçalMedicines are special products, whose advertisement inserts require different care relating to their ethic and moral aspects, once they have highly specific characteristics and their use is based on a precise diagnosis of a situation that causes risk to health. In this regarding, regulatory agencies established a specific legislation (RDC n° 102/00), set in legal parameters to medicines advertisements. The aim of this work was to evaluate the advertisements of medicines in Goias-Brazil based on the current legislation. The captation of irregular medicine advertisement inserts was performed between November/2004 and September/2005. The analysis followed the guideline “Roteiro de Verificação de Conformidades das Publicidades e Propagandas de Medicamentos”, present in the “Manual de Monitoramento de Propaganda de Produtos Sujeitos à Vigilância Sanitária” (MS, 2005). The results showed most of advertisements were related to over the counter medicines (OTC) (88,63%), followed by medicine prescription (8,33%) and controlled prescription (3,04%). The advertisement flyers were identified as the principal responsible for the propagation of irregular inserts (81,06%), followed by TV (14,40%) and radio (4,54%). In the 132 inserts analysed were detected many non-conformities with legislation and the absence of information about cares and warnings was observed in the majority of them. The present work demonstrated the importance of the medicines advertisements build based on the current legislation, assuring the defense of the population´s health.Item Análise de prescrições médicas para tratamento de câncer de mama em um hospital universitário do estado de São Paulo(2014) Bózoli, Luís Felipe Beloni; Ribeiro, Camila Milani; Zoccal, Polyana Lara de Mello; Ferreira, Iahel Manon de Lima; Fernandes, Rodrigo Marangoni; Sakamoto, Luiz Maçao; Abramovicius, Alexandra Cruz; Andrade, Jurandyr Moreira de; Dewulf, Nathalie de Lourdes Souza; Ungari, Andrea QueirózThis article focuses on the analysis of prescriptions for the treatment of breast cancer in patients followed up in a university hospital in the state of São Paulo. The study analyzed 408 prescriptions between September and December 2012, with 201 in Chemotherapy Center and 207 in Chemotherapy Pharmacy in this teaching hospital. The main results were: (a) from 201 prescriptions analyzed in Chemotherapy Center, only 123 (61.2%) had weight, 89 (44.3%) height and 113 (56.2%) of the body surface patient; (b) 100% of prescriptions in Chemotherapy Center and 48.3% in the Chemotherapy Pharmacy showed abbreviations; (c) the trade name of the drug was present in 54.7% of prescriptions in Chemotherapy Center; (d) high rates of absence of information about the pharmaceutical form of the drug; (e) 05 (1.2%) prescriptions with illegible name of the patient and 04 (1%) prescriptions with illegible name of the drug. Data analysis shows the absence of complete information necessary for the safe use of anticancer drugs, if not evidencing compliance with current legislation. Thus, we highlight the importance of continuous training of physicians about the importance of a clear and complete prescription, as well as greater participation of clinical pharmacists and suggest also the implementation of the electronic prescription. These actions can improve the quality of prescriptions and promote the safe and rational use of medicines.Item Análise farmacognóstica do pó e avaliação do efeito do extrato etanólico das flores da calendula officinalis l. cultivadas no Brasil no sistema imunológico(Marize Campos Valadares, 2004-12) Parente, Leila Maria Leal; Matos, l. G.; Cunha, Luiz Carlos da; Leão, A. R.; Paula, José Realino de; V. Júnior, G.; Silveira, Nusa de AlmeidaCalendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) is an annual herbaceous from Mediterranean area and it was adapted in Brazil. Lots of factors related to cultivation, can affect in a significant way the quality and the quantity of the active principles produced by the plants. In this work, pharmacognostic evaluation of the flowers of C. officinalis from Brazil (Paraná), was accomplish for the quality control of the botanical material. The plant, well known a long time ago, has anti-inflammatory and healing activities and several other effects. It is present in many commercialized therapeutic formulations. In this work, an ethanolic extract of the flowers of the cultivated C. officinalis (EEC) in Brazil was gotten and was become an evaluation of the effect of the EEC in the immunologic system, verifying if the extract also gotten it would present the same immunomodulatory activity for isolated fractions of the plant cultivated in the Europe and Asia.Item Análise microbiológica de matérias primas e formulações farmacêuticas magistrais(Marize Campos Valadares, 2005-12) Andrade, Flávia R. O.; Souza, Aline A.; Arantes, Maria do Carmo Batista; Paula, José Realino de; Bara, Maria Teresa FreitasIn agreement with Good Manufacturing Practice, pharmaceutical products must have a quality according to specifications set by official compendia assuring their use. The microbiological quality of raw material employed in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations is very important to achieve efficacy and safety. In this work it was done the heterotrophic bacteria count, the total viable aerobic count, yeasts and moulds count, detection of pathogenic bacteria in samples of purified water, plant raw materials, natural products and in formula base of creams, lotions and gels. The applied methods and the specifications were based on Pharmacopeas or World Health Organization.The results showed that 86.3% of analysed samples were according to the parameters. The microbiological quality of deionizated water demonstrated a problem to pharmacies and it was verified that 65% of them were above the specifications. It was found that 97.17% of the formulations were with microbial counts in the permited limit. The plant raw materials and natural products showed values of 3.51% and 10.5%, respectively in disagreement with the specifications. The obtained data demonstrated that the Good Manufacturing Practice applied to pharmacies contribute to microbiological quality of the pharmaceutical products, however, critical points must be solved, as the quality of the deionizated water used must be improved.Item Análise tecidual e celular das brânquias de Oreochromis niloticus L. tratadas com extrato etanólico bruto e frações das folhas da pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) - Myrtaceae(2011) Fiuza, Tatiana de Sousa; Silva, P. C.; Paula, José Realino de; Tresvenzol, Leonice Manrique Faustino; Souto, M. E. D; Saboia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira deEugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) is a plant found in the Cerrado biome and traditionally used in the treatment of diarrheas, inflammations, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Previous studies have revealed in vitro antimicrobial activity of E. uniflora. Considering its popular use, this study aimed to assess possible systemic cellular and tissue activities of the crude extract and the fractions from the leaves of this plant on Oreochromis niloticus L. (Nile tilapia) gill. Thus, ethanol extract and fractions from the leaves of this plant were orally administered to the fish in their rations. After 24 hours, the fish were sacrificed and the second gill arch of each fish was dissected, fixed in neutral formalin, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Masson’s trichome and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were used in the histological analyses. Qualitative analyses using a light microscope led to the conclusion that the crude ethanol extract and the fractions from E. uniflora leaves presented systemic effect on Nile tilapias, affecting the gills. Toxic actions such as respiratory epithelium detachment and lifting, and hyperplasia of interlamellar epithelial cells were more pronounced in the tilapias that ingested higher concentrations. This study helped to identify the vasodilator effect of this plant and contributed to the definition of the Nile tilapia as a model system for testing plant active principles. These tests are expected to make feasible not only the use of plants as fish medication but also the maintenance of the health of animals in intensive and extensive cultures through the possible use of alternatives to synthetic medicationItem Análises preliminares de substâncias viscosas em espectrômetro de infravermelho utilizando suporte alternativo(Marize Campos Valadares, 2006) Soares, Lillian Amélia; Gil, Eric de Soza; Rezende, Kênnia RochaInfrared spectroscopy is a very used technique for structural elucidation of organic compounds. However, some accessories used on sample preparation are somehow expensive. In this work, it was investigated an alternative procedure for qualitative analysis of viscous substances using PVC film like support. Analysis of lanolin anhydrous and vitamin E were realized in KBr discs and PVC film comparatively to literature. The main advantages of this method rely on running samples spending less time, at low-cost support cell obtaining confident spectra.Item Angiogenic activity of Calendula officinalis flowers L. in rats(2011) Parente, Leila Maria Leal; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Brito, Luiz Augusto Batista; Moura, Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de; Miguel, Marina Pacheco; Lino Júnior, Ruy de Souza; Tresvenzol, Leonice Faustino Manrique; Paula, José Realino de; Paulo, Neusa MargaridaPurpose: In this work, angiogenic activity of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) ethanolic extract and dichloromethane and hexanic fractions were evaluated, considering medicinal properties, especially healing activity, are attributed to this plant. Methods: Models using 36 rats and 90 embryonated eggs were used to evaluate healing and angiogenic activities of extracts and fractions of the plant, through the induction of skin wounds and the chorioallantoic membrane, respectively. The effect of vascular proliferation was also tested from the study to verify the intensity of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cutaneous wounds in rats. Results: The angiogenic activity of the extract and the fractions was evidenced in both experimental models. It was verified that this effect is not directly related to the expression of VEGF and it could be associated to other pro-angiogenic factors. Conclusion: The healing activity referred to C. officinalis is related, among other factors, to its positive effect on angiogenesis, characterized by the induction of neovascularizationItem Annona coriacea induz efeito genotóxico em camundongos(Marize Campos Valadares, 2005-06) Fagundes, Flávio A.; Oliveira, Leonardo B. de; Cunha, Luiz Carlos; Valadares, Marize CamposThis study was designed to evaluate the genetic toxicity of the Annona coriacea using the bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus test. The results demonstrated that the seed alcoholic extract of this plant, in different doses used (50, 100, 200 or 400mg/kg) induced a significant increase in micronucleus frequencies in bone marrow erythrocytes of mice, when compared to the negative control. In addition, this increase was similar to those found in the group of mice exposed to the positive control (cyclophosphamide 250mg/kg). These results suggest that this plant, in this experimental condition, has a significant potential for induce DNA damage.Item Antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extract from Hyptidendron canum leaves(2009) Fiuza, Tatiana de Sousa; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de; Paula, José Realino de; Tresvenzol, Leonice Manrique Faustino; Pimenta, Fabiana CristinaThis study proposed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extract of Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley (Lamiaceae) leaves. The crude ethanol extract was obtained from the dried, pulverized leaves. The H. canum leaf powder was submitted to phytochemical screening. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and Candida albicans using the well diffusion test and the agar dilution method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid and saponinic heterosides. The extract demon strated antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms tested. The MIC for non-sporulated Gram-positive bacteria varied from 4.37 to 17.5mg/mL. The sporulated Gram-positive bacteria tested had their growth inhibited by H. canum (MIC from 4.37 to 35mg/mL). The MIC of H. canum for most of the Gram-negative bacteria was 70mg/mL, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 17.5mg/mL), at which concentration C. albicans was also inhibited. This is the first report of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of H. canum.Item Antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extract from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus(2009) Paula, Joelma Abadia Marciano de; Paula, José Realino de; Pimenta, Fabiana Cristina; Rezende, Maria Helena; Bara, Maria Teresa FreitasThe antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extract from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum (Myrtaceae), collected at two locations in Brazil, was investigated. Leaf samples were collected in April 2005 and in September 2005, both in Brasília, DF, Brazil, and in July 2000 in São Gonçalo do Abaeté, MG, Brazil. They were dried, crushed and used to obtain three crude ethanol extracts. The agar diffusion test was used for antimicrobial activity screening and the agar dilution method for determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). In assay conditions, extracts I, II and III demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, M. roseus, Bacillus cereus, B. atrophaeus, and B. stearothermophilus (MIC 0.39062 to 12.5 mg/mL, MIC 0.78125 to 1.5625 mg/mL and MIC 0.39062 to 1.5625 mg/mL, respectively), against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 0.39062 to 3.125 mg/mL, MIC 1.5625 mg/mL and MIC 0.78125 to 1.5625 mg/mL, respectively), against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas stutzeri (MIC 0.39062 to 0.78125 mg/mL, MIC 0.78125 to 1.5625 mg/mL, MIC 0.78125 to 1.5625 mg/mL, respectively) and also against Candida albicans fungi (MIC 0.19531 mg/mL for the extracts I, II and III). This study showed that the antimicrobial activity of P. pseudocaryophyllus might be considered sufficient to encourage further studies to isolate and identify its active principles. Pharmacological and toxicological studies are also necessary, followed by studies regarding the culturing and managing processes of this vegetable.Item Antioxidant activity of a standardized extract of Byrsonima japurensis A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae) stem bark(2013-07) Guilhon-Simplicio, Fernanda; Souza, Tatiane Pereira de; Alonso, Alexandre Antônio; Almeida, Patrícia Danielle Oliveira de; Santos, Pierre Alexandre dos; Ohana, Débora Teixeira; Lima, Emerson Silva; Pereira, Maria de MenesesAn infusion of 5% Byrsonima japurensis stem bark, an Amazonian medicinal plant, presented anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, antiplatelet and antiulcer activity in a previous study. In this study, pharmacognostical parameters for this raw material were determined and the technological characterization of the infusion was performed, concurrently with the assessment of their antioxidant potential. The analysis of the raw material and the crude extract was done using pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopeial methods. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+) and nitric oxide (NO•) radical scavenger assays. The raw material presented a mean size of particles of 318.30 ± 1.65 µm, ash content of 3.39 ± 0.04 g%, 10.32 ± 0.09 g% loss on drying and 12.23 ± 0.17 g% of matter extractable by water. The extract obtained by infusion of 5% of plant drug is rich in polyphenol compounds (50.69 ± 3.64 mg GAE/g) with appreciable flavonoid content (2.38 ± 1.15 mg quercetin/g). This extract showed expressive antioxidant activity, which was significantly better than ascorbic acid and Trolox in both DPPH and ABTS radical scavengers tests (p < 0.05), which is closely related to its previously detected anti-inflammatory activityItem Aplicabilidade de dois instrumentos de avaliação de serviços em farmácia hospitalar(Marize Campos Valadares, 2008-06) Martins, Bárbara Posse Reis; Vechiato, Camile; Vieira, Daniela Alves; Borges, Daniela Mendes; Provin, Mércia PandolfoThe evaluation of a hospital pharmacy is difficult and complex because it involves changeable structures and services in accord with the pharmacy and with characteristics related to the hospital. This study had as an aim the applicability and the results of two evaluation instruments of hospital pharmacy services, they are: the guide of the Spanish Society of Pharmacy Hospital (SEFH) and the guide proposed by the researchers. It was applyed the two guides in twelve hospitals in Goiânia. In both of the instruments, the evaluation consisted in giving points for the activities developed for the pharmacy services. The punctuations were divergent between the two guides. The instrument of the SEFH revealed more sensible and safety, however it is very complex, demanding sufficiently time for its application and analysis. The other instrument is simpler and fast, however it only supplies superficial information on the services, not evaluate them deeply. The joined results demonstrate the necessity of the creation of an official instrument that evaluates in quality and quantity of way the services that can give support for the taking decisions of managers of these services aiming at improvements and adaptations. The application and analysis of the two guides had allowed to identify and analyze to the main activities and the problems of the pharmacy services of these hospitals.Item Aplicação de fungos de decomposição branca para remoção de cor em simulados de efluentes industriais(2013) Neves, Flávia Assunção; Lacerda, Monike Fabiane Alves Ribeiro; Santos Junior, Laurive Antonio dos; Lopes, Flavio Marques; Santiago, Mariângela FontesThe dyes are compounds widely used by various industries. The azo-dyes are the most used. The main dyestuffes used by pharmaceutical industry are tartrazine yellow and sunset yellow. These compounds can offer toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic risks. That study proposes the use of a biological method of treatment using white-rot fungi that produce ligninolytic enzymes to be able to degrade an enormous number of polluents. Assays were made with the two dyestuffs cited using five fungal species. So, the relationship between the decolourization and enzyme activity was made by an average of 25 days. The best results of the both assays were obtained by Tramestes versicolor, great producer of the enzyme laccase, while the other fungi reported only a subtle decolourization. Thus, the laccase had a relationship more evident with the removal process color.Item Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae) plant cytotoxicity and activity towards malaria parasites. Part I: aspidosperma nitidum (Benth) used as a remedy to treat fever and malaria in the Amazon(2013-12) Coutinho, Julia Penna; Aguiar, Anna Caroline Campos; Santos, Pierre Alexandre dos; Lima, Joaquim Corsino; Rocha, Maria Gabrielle Lima; Zani, Carlos Leomar; Alves, Tânia Maria Almeida; Santana, Antônio Euzébio Goulart; Pereira, Maria de Meneses; Krettli, Antoniana UrsineInfusions of Aspidosperma nitidum (Apocynaceae) wood bark are used to treat fever and malaria in the Amazon Region. Several species of this family are known to possess indole alkaloids and other classes of secondary me tabolites, whereas terpenoids, an inositol and the indole alkaloids harmane-3 acid and braznitidumine have been described in A. nitidum. In the present study, extracts from the wood bark, leaves and branches of this species were prepared for assays against malaria parasites and cytotoxicity testing using human hepatoma and normal monkey kidney cells. The wood bark extracts were active against Plasmodium falciparum and showed a low cytotoxicity in vitro, whereas the leaf and branch extracts and the pure alkaloid braznitidumine were inactive. A crude methanol extract was subjected to acid-base fractionation aimed at obtaining alkaloid-rich fractions, which were active at low concentrations against P. falciparum and in mice infected with and sensitive Plasmodium berghei parasites. Our data validate the antimalarial usefulness of A. nitidum wood bark, a remedy that can most likely help to control malaria. However, the molecules responsible for this antimalarial activity have not yet been identified. Considering their high selectivity index, the alkaloid-rich fractions from the plant bark might be useful in the development of new antimalarialsItem Atividade citotóxica e antiangiogênica de Punica granatum L., Punicaceae(2010) Oliveira, Ligianne Pereira; Pinheiro, Renata Canuto; Vieira, Marcelo de Sousa; Paula, José Realino; Bara, Maria Teresa Freitas; Valadares, Marize Camposactivities in vitro and in vivo. In this work, the in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using the K-562 cell line and Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, by MTT tetrazolium reduction test and the trypan blue exclusion test. In vivo studies investigated the increase in the survival time of Ehrlich tumour-bearing mice after treatment with different doses of Punica granatum L. ethanol extract (12.5; 25; 50 e and 100 mg/kg), by gavages, for ten consecutive days. In addition, we also investigated the tumour inhibition potential and antiangiogenic activity of this plant. In vitro results demonstrated a decrease of K-562 and Ehrlich ascites tumour cells viability, with both methods used, in a dependent-manner concentration. In vivo results showed a significant antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites tumour growth, increasing survival time. In parallel, we detected a significant inhibition of the tumour growth, along with a decrease in the vascular pattern of the peritoneal wall. Thus, the data presented herein clearly showed that Punica granatum L. has antitumor and antiangiogenic activities.